EFEKTIVITAS MEDIA SOSIAL TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN TENTANG ANEMIA PADA REMAJA PUTRI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/healthy.v5i4.15766Keywords:
Anemia, Pengetahuan, Instagram, Tiktok, WhatsappAbstract
Anemia remains a major public health concern among adolescent girls, negatively affecting physical fitness, cognitive function, academic performance, and long-term productivity. The high adoption rate of digital platforms among the younger generation provides a strategic opportunity for leveraging social media as a health education tool. This study aimed to analyze the comparative effectiveness of Instagram, TikTok, and WhatsApp in enhancing knowledge regarding anemia among adolescent girls at the Department of Midwifery, Poltekkes Kemenkes Tanjungkarang. A quasi-experimental three-group pretest-posttest design was utilized, involving 123 first-year female students allocated into an Instagram group (38 respondents), a TikTok group (53 respondents), and a WhatsApp group (32 respondents) via purposive sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires measuring cognitive levels of knowing, comprehending, and applying, and were subsequently analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Kruskal-Wallis test. The results demonstrated that all three social media platforms significantly improved anemia knowledge across all measured dimensions post-intervention (p<0.01). The Kruskal-Wallis test confirmed a statistically significant difference in effectiveness among the three platforms (χ^2=11.005; df=2; p=0.004). The TikTok group achieved the highest mean rank (73.84), followed by the WhatsApp group (55.80) and the Instagram group (50.71). Consequently, short-video-based platforms such as TikTok exhibit the greatest pedagogical utility and are strongly recommended as the primary medium for targeted public health interventions against adolescent anemia.
ABSTRAK
Anemia masih menjadi permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat yang signifikan pada remaja putri karena berdampak buruk terhadap kesehatan fisik, kapasitas kognitif, prestasi akademik, dan produktivitas jangka panjang. Tingginya adopsi platform digital di kalangan generasi muda membuka peluang strategis untuk pemanfaatannya sebagai media promosi dan intervensi edukasi kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas media sosial Instagram, TikTok, dan WhatsApp terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan tentang anemia pada remaja putri di Jurusan Kebidanan Poltekkes Kemenkes Tanjungkarang. Desain penelitian menggunakan kuasi-eksperimen rancangan three-group pretest-posttest design dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 123 mahasiswi tingkat I yang terbagi ke dalam kelompok Instagram (38 responden), TikTok (53 responden), dan WhatsApp (32 responden) melalui teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur yang mengukur tingkatan kognitif mengetahui, memahami, dan menerapkan, lalu dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon signed-rank test dan uji komparatif Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga media sosial terbukti meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang anemia secara signifikan setelah intervensi (p<0,01). Hasil uji Kruskal-Wallis mengonfirmasi adanya perbedaan efektivitas yang signifikan di antara ketiga media sosial tersebut (χ^2=11,005; df=2; p=0,004). Kelompok TikTok memperoleh nilai mean rank tertinggi sebesar 73,84, diikuti oleh kelompok WhatsApp sebesar 55,80, dan kelompok Instagram sebesar 50,71. Dengan demikian, media sosial berbasis video pendek seperti TikTok merupakan media edukasi yang paling unggul dan direkomendasikan sebagai sarana utama dalam intervensi promosi kesehatan pencegahan anemia pada remaja putri.
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