HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL DENGAN KEJADIAN KARIES GIGI DI PUSKESMAS TAMBAK REJO SURABAYA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/healthy.v5i4.14954Keywords:
Dmf-T,, Ibu Hamil, Pengetahuan, Karies GigiAbstract
Dental caries remains one of the most common oral health problems among pregnant women. Physiological changes during pregnancy may increase the risk of dental caries, while maternal knowledge regarding oral health maintenance remains suboptimal. Although previous studies have reported an association between oral health knowledge and dental caries conditions among pregnant women, local evidence regarding this condition at the primary healthcare level, particularly at Tambak Rejo Community Health Center, Surabaya, remains limited. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between pregnant women’s knowledge of dental caries and dental caries experience status based on the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMF-T) index at Tambak Rejo Community Health Center, Surabaya. This study employed an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 30 pregnant women were selected using a consecutive sampling technique. Knowledge level was assessed using a questionnaire, while dental caries experience status was evaluated based on the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMF-T) index. The relationship between variables was analyzed using the Spearman Rank correlation test. The results showed that the largest proportion of respondents had a poor level of knowledge (40%), while dental caries experience status based on the DMF-T index was most frequently found in the moderate category (73.3%). Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between the level of knowledge among pregnant women and dental caries experience status based on the DMF-T index (p < 0.001; r = −0.710). The negative correlation coefficient indicated that better oral health knowledge was associated with lower dental caries experience status. These findings indicate an association between oral health knowledge and dental caries experience status based on the DMF-T index among pregnant women; therefore, strengthening oral health education within antenatal care services should be considered as a promotive and preventive strategy.
ABSTRAK
Karies gigi masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang sering ditemukan pada ibu hamil. Perubahan fisiologis selama kehamilan dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya karies, sementara pengetahuan ibu mengenai pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi masih belum optimal. Meskipun berbagai penelitian telah melaporkan hubungan antara pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan kondisi karies pada ibu hamil, bukti lokal mengenai kondisi tersebut di tingkat pelayanan kesehatan primer, khususnya di Puskesmas Tambak Rejo Surabaya, masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil mengenai karies gigi dengan status pengalaman karies berdasarkan indeks Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMF-T) di Puskesmas Tambak Rejo Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sebanyak 30 ibu hamil dipilih menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Tingkat pengetahuan diukur menggunakan kuesioner, sedangkan status pengalaman karies dinilai berdasarkan indeks Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMF-T). Hubungan antara variabel dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman Rank. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proporsi terbesar responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kategori kurang (40%), sedangkan status pengalaman karies berdasarkan DMF-T paling banyak berada pada kategori sedang (73,3%). Analisis statistik menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil dengan status pengalaman karies berdasarkan indeks DMF-T (p < 0,001; r = −0,710). Nilai korelasi negatif menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan yang lebih baik berkaitan dengan status pengalaman karies yang lebih rendah. Temuan ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan status pengalaman karies berdasarkan indeks DMF-T pada ibu hamil, sehingga penguatan edukasi kesehatan gigi dalam pelayanan antenatal perlu dipertimbangkan sebagai salah satu strategi promotif dan preventif.
References
Abdat, M., & Ismail, D. (2019). Hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dengan karies dentis pada ibu hamil di Posyandu Baiturrahman Kota Banda Aceh. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pelayanan Kesehatan, 3(1). https://ejournal2.litbang.kemkes.go.id/index.php/jpppk/article/view/1695/1188
BMC Oral Health (2024) ‘Dental caries experience among pregnant women’, BMC Oral Health, 24
Gambhir, R. S., Nirola, A., Gupta, T., Sekhon, T. S., & Anand, S. (2015). Oral health knowledge and awareness among pregnant women in India: A systematic review. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, 19(6), 612–617. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-124X.162196
Hidayat, A., Chaerudin, D. R., Ningrum, N., & Mulyanti, S. (2025). Efektivitas media pembelajaran Dental Spinning Wheel terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada siswa sekolah dasar. Jurnal Terapi Gigi dan Mulut, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.34011/jtgm.v4i2.2357
Jahan, S. S., Apu, E. H., Sultana, Z. Z., Islam, M. I., & Siddika, N. (2022). Oral healthcare during pregnancy: Its importance and challenges in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(17), 10681. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710681.
Javali, M. A., Saquib, S. A., Abdul Khader, M., Khalid, I., AlShahrani, A. Y., Kanji, M. A., & Asiri, E. (2022). Oral health knowledge, attitude, and practice of pregnant women in Deccan, South India: A cross-sectional prenatal survey. Journal of Medicine and Life, 15(3), 420–424. https://doi.org/10.25122/jml-2019-0095
King, S., Thaliph, A., Laranjo, L., Smith, B. J., & Eberhard, J. (2023). Oral health literacy, knowledge and perceptions in a socially and culturally diverse population: A mixed methods study. BMC Public Health, 23, Article 1446. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16381-5
Lailatussa’adah, N. R., & Nisa, R. (2023). Pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan kejadian karies gigi pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Babat Lamongan 2023. Journal of Oral Health Care, 11(2), 87–92. https://doi.org/10.29238/ohc.v11i2.1829
Ningsi, I. S., Lestari, P. D., & Silaban, T. D. S. (2023). Hubungan pengetahuan, sumber informasi dan perilaku tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada ibu hamil. Jurnal Kebidanan: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Budi Mulia, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.35325/kebidanan.v13i1.357
Putri, L. N., Isnanto, & Marjianto, A. (2024). Pengetahuan ibu hamil K1 ANC terpadu tentang pentingnya pemeriksaan gigi. Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan Gigi, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.37160/jikg.v5i1.417
Rachmawati, F. D., Prasetyowati, S., & Mahirawatie, I. C. (2023). Pengetahuan tentang karies pada siswa sekolah dasar kelas IV dan V. Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan Gigi, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.37160/jikg.v4i3.364
Rizqi, D., Suryanti, N., Suwargiani, A. A., & Andiesta, N. S. (2024). The association of oral health knowledge with the behavior of pregnant women visiting the dentist based on the theory of planned behavior: Cross-sectional studies. Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry, 36(2), 258–269. https://doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol36no2.56007.
Salmawati, S., Hadisaputro, S., Sunarjo, L., & Sutomo, B. (2023). D-SALMA'S catalog smart effectively increases knowledge of pregnant women in preventing dental caries. JDHT Journal of Dental Hygiene and Therapy, 4(2), 114–119. https://doi.org/10.36082/jdht.v4i2.1274.
Salsabila, M. A., Hidayati, S., & Suharnowo, H. (2021). Gambaran peran ibu dalam memelihara kesehatan gigi anak usia sekolah di Kelurahan Kraton Kabupaten Bangkalan tahun 2020. Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan Gigi, 2(2). https://ejurnal.poltekkestasikmalaya.ac.id/index.php/jikg/article/view/709/386
Vamos, C. A., Merrell, L. K., Detman, L., Louis, J., Daley, E., & Kline, N. (2022). Oral health care during pregnancy: A summary of practice guidelines and recommendations. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 67(1), 10–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.13324
Yuwansyah, Y., & Nuraeni, E. (2020). Hubungan pengetahuan dengan kejadian karies gigi pada ibu hamil di Praktek Mandiri Bidan (PMB) Bd. Eti Suryati, Amd.Keb Desa Cipeundeuy Kecamatan Jatinunggal Kabupaten Sumedang tahun 2020. Prosiding Senantias: Seminar Nasional Hasil Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 1(1). https://openjournal.unpam.ac.id/index.php/Senan/article/view/8400
