ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU MAKAN PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE II DI PUSKESMAS RAWAT INAP SRAGI TAHUN 2026
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/healthy.v5i4.14683Keywords:
Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II, Perilaku Makan, Sikap, Dukungan Keluarga, Path AnalysisAbstract
ABSTRACT
Type II Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that requires continuous dietary behavior management to prevent complications. Patients’ dietary behaviors are influenced by various factors, including knowledge, family support, the role of healthcare workers, and duration of Diabetes Mellitus, with attitude potentially mediating these relationships. This study aimed to analyze the effects of knowledge, family support, the role of healthcare workers, and duration of Diabetes Mellitus on dietary behavior through attitude among patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus at the Sragi Inpatient Primary Healthcare Center. This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design involving 199 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire that had undergone validity and reliability testing and were analyzed using Path Analysis and the Sobel Test. The results showed that knowledge, family support, the role of healthcare workers, and duration of Diabetes Mellitus had positive and significant effects on both attitude and dietary behavior (p<0.05). Family support had the strongest effect on attitude (β=0.432; p<0.001), whereas knowledge had the strongest effect on dietary behavior (β=0.319; p<0.001). Attitude significantly mediated the effects of knowledge, family support, and the role of healthcare workers on dietary behavior, with p-values of 0.007, 0.003, and 0.001, respectively, but did not mediate the effect of duration of Diabetes Mellitus (p=0.071). These findings suggest that improving dietary behavior among patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus requires strengthening knowledge, enhancing family support, and providing continuous education by healthcare workers to foster positive attitudes toward disease management.
ABSTRAK
Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II merupakan penyakit kronis yang memerlukan pengelolaan perilaku makan secara berkelanjutan untuk mencegah komplikasi. Perilaku makan pasien dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, antara lain pengetahuan, dukungan keluarga, peran tenaga kesehatan, dan lama menderita Diabetes Mellitus, dengan sikap sebagai faktor yang berpotensi memediasi hubungan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh pengetahuan, dukungan keluarga, peran tenaga kesehatan, dan lama menderita Diabetes Mellitus terhadap perilaku makan melalui sikap pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II di Puskesmas Rawat Inap Sragi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional terhadap 199 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitas, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Path Analysis dan Uji Sobel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan, dukungan keluarga, peran tenaga kesehatan, dan lama menderita Diabetes Mellitus berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap sikap maupun perilaku makan (p<0,05). Dukungan keluarga memberikan pengaruh terbesar terhadap sikap (β=0,432; p<0,001), sedangkan pengetahuan memberikan pengaruh terbesar terhadap perilaku makan (β=0,319; p<0,001). Sikap terbukti memediasi pengaruh pengetahuan, dukungan keluarga, dan peran tenaga kesehatan terhadap perilaku makan, masing-masing dengan nilai p=0,007; p=0,003; dan p=0,001, namun tidak memediasi pengaruh lama menderita Diabetes Mellitus (p=0,071). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan perilaku makan pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II memerlukan penguatan pengetahuan, dukungan keluarga, serta edukasi yang berkelanjutan dari tenaga kesehatan untuk membentuk sikap positif dalam pengelolaan penyakit.
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