TAKSONOMI MATERI PAI DAN INTEGRASI NILAI MODERASI BERAGAMA PADA MATA PELAJARAN FIKIH

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Religious moderation is a strategic value integrated into Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in madrasahs, including the subject of Fiqh. However, studies that systematically map the relationship between the structure of Fiqh content, Bloom’s taxonomy of thinking skills, and the values of religious moderation remain limited. This study aims to map the taxonomy of Fiqh content and formulate a framework for integrating religious moderation values into Fiqh learning through a literature-based investigation. The research employed a qualitative approach using a library research method. The data consisted of 25 journal articles published between 2022 and 2026, which were analyzed through thematic content analysis. The findings indicate that Fiqh content can be classified into five major categories: ubudiyah (worship), muamalah (social transactions), jinayah (criminal law), siyasah (governance), and istinbath and ushul fiqh (Islamic legal reasoning and principles). Studies on Bloom’s taxonomy in PAI learning materials generally emphasize the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains but rarely establish explicit links with religious moderation values. The integration of religious moderation can be implemented through lesson planning, content development, learning processes, and assessment by internalizing the values of tawassuth (moderation), tawazun (balance), i’tidal (justice), tasamuh (tolerance), musawah (equality), syura (consultation), and ishlah (reform). This study concludes that the integration of Fiqh content, Bloom’s taxonomy, and religious moderation values can be formulated into a conceptual matrix that may serve as a reference for curriculum development, instructional materials, and future research in madrasahs.

ABSTRAK

Moderasi beragama merupakan salah satu nilai strategis yang diintegrasikan dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) di madrasah, termasuk pada mata pelajaran Fikih. Namun, kajian yang memetakan keterkaitan antara struktur materi Fikih, jenjang kemampuan berpikir menurut taksonomi Bloom, dan nilai-nilai moderasi beragama masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan taksonomi materi Fikih serta merumuskan kerangka integrasi nilai moderasi beragama dalam pembelajaran Fikih berdasarkan kajian literatur. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kepustakaan (library research). Data penelitian berupa 25 artikel jurnal yang diterbitkan pada periode 2022–2026 dan dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis isi tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa materi Fikih dapat diklasifikasikan ke dalam lima kelompok utama, yaitu ubudiyah, muamalah, jinayah, siyasah, serta istinbath dan ushul fikih. Kajian taksonomi Bloom pada bahan ajar PAI umumnya berfokus pada kelengkapan ranah kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik, namun belum banyak mengaitkannya secara eksplisit dengan nilai-nilai moderasi beragama. Integrasi moderasi beragama dapat dilakukan melalui perencanaan, pengembangan materi, pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran, dan evaluasi dengan menginternalisasikan nilai tawassuth, tawazun, i’tidal, tasamuh, musawah, syura, dan ishlah. Simpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa integrasi materi Fikih, taksonomi Bloom, dan nilai moderasi beragama dapat dirumuskan dalam bentuk matriks konseptual yang berpotensi menjadi acuan pengembangan kurikulum, bahan ajar, dan penelitian lanjutan di madrasah.