EPISTEMOLOGI PENDIDIKAN ANTIKORUPSI MELALUI PENDEKATAN FIKIH SOSIAL: KAJIAN KEPUSTAKAAN FORMULASI MATERI PAI HOLISTIK

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in Indonesia is still predominantly characterized by a normative-textual approach that emphasizes individual piety, limiting the effective internalization of anti-corruption values in students' social lives. Although previous studies have examined anti-corruption education and KH. MA. Sahal Mahfudh's Social Fiqh separately, few have reconstructed the epistemology of Social Fiqh as a conceptual foundation for developing holistic anti-corruption learning materials in PAI. Addressing this gap is essential to systematically integrate integrity, accountability, and public welfare into Islamic education. This study aims to reconstruct the epistemology of Social Fiqh as the conceptual basis for formulating holistic anti-corruption learning materials in PAI. A qualitative approach was employed using a Narrative Literature Review combined with a conceptual review. Data were collected through document analysis of KH. MA. Sahal Mahfudh's primary works and relevant scholarly literature published between 2021 and 2025, and analyzed using content analysis and conceptual synthesis. The findings reveal that the epistemology of Social Fiqh is grounded in the contextualization of Islamic texts, maqāṣid al-sharī'ah, maṣlaḥah 'āmmah (public welfare), and the manhaji approach as the foundation of anti-corruption education. The study also formulates holistic PAI learning materials integrating cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains through the values of trustworthiness, justice, responsibility, and social concern. It concludes that reconstructing the epistemology of Social Fiqh provides a relevant conceptual framework for developing contextual, holistic, and integrity-oriented anti-corruption learning materials in Islamic Religious Education.

ABSTRAK

Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) masih didominasi pendekatan normatif-tekstual yang menekankan kesalehan individual sehingga belum optimal menginternalisasikan nilai antikorupsi dalam kehidupan sosial peserta didik. Berbagai penelitian telah mengkaji pendidikan antikorupsi maupun Fikih Sosial KH. MA. Sahal Mahfudh secara terpisah, namun belum merekonstruksi epistemologi Fikih Sosial sebagai dasar konseptual formulasi materi PAI antikorupsi yang holistik. Kesenjangan ini penting diatasi agar pembelajaran PAI mampu mengintegrasikan nilai integritas, tanggung jawab, dan kemaslahatan publik secara sistematis. Penelitian ini bertujuan merekonstruksi epistemologi Fikih Sosial sebagai landasan pengembangan formulasi materi PAI antikorupsi yang holistik. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain Narrative Literature Review yang dipadukan dengan kajian konseptual. Data diperoleh melalui studi dokumentasi terhadap karya primer KH. MA. Sahal Mahfudh dan literatur ilmiah periode 2021–2025, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan content analysis dan sintesis konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa epistemologi Fikih Sosial berorientasi pada kontekstualisasi nash, maqāṣid al-syarī'ah, maṣlaḥah 'āmmah, dan pendekatan manhaji sebagai dasar pendidikan antikorupsi. Penelitian ini juga merumuskan formulasi materi PAI yang mengintegrasikan dimensi kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik melalui nilai amanah, keadilan, tanggung jawab, dan kepedulian sosial. Disimpulkan bahwa rekonstruksi epistemologi Fikih Sosial memberikan kerangka konseptual yang relevan untuk mengembangkan materi PAI antikorupsi yang kontekstual, holistik, dan berorientasi pada pembentukan integritas peserta didik.