ISLAM DI MASA NABI MUHAMMAD SAW HINGGA PERKEMBANGANNYA DI INDONESIA: KAJIAN HISTORIS DAN KRITIS

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Islam is a religion that has brought major changes to human society since the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and has developed into one of the most influential civilizations in the world, including in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the development of Islam from the era of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to its spread and growth in Indonesia through a historical and critical perspective. The research employs a library research method with a historical-critical approach. Data sources are obtained from various relevant literature, including books, scholarly journals, academic articles, and historical documents discussing the development of Islam across different periods. The findings show that the development of Islam during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) occurred in two main phases: the Meccan period, which focused on strengthening faith and monotheism (tawhid), and the Medinan period, which marked the establishment of Islamic social, political, economic, and educational systems. After the Prophet’s death, Islam rapidly expanded through the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs (Khulafaur Rasyidin), the Umayyad Dynasty, and the Abbasid Dynasty, which expanded territorial influence while also developing a great intellectual civilization. In Indonesia, Islam was introduced through trade routes and developed peacefully through cultural approaches, education, and the roles of scholars and the Wali Songo. This study concludes that the development of Islam not only demonstrates the successful spread of the religion but also significantly contributes to the formation of civilization, education, culture, and social life in society.

ABSTRACT

Islam is a religion that has brought major changes to human society since the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and has developed into one of the most influential civilizations in the world, including in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the development of Islam from the era of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to its spread and growth in Indonesia through a historical and critical perspective. The research employs a library research method with a historical-critical approach. Data sources are obtained from various relevant literature, including books, scholarly journals, academic articles, and historical documents discussing the development of Islam across different periods. The findings show that the development of Islam during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) occurred in two main phases: the Meccan period, which focused on strengthening faith and monotheism (tawhid), and the Medinan period, which marked the establishment of Islamic social, political, economic, and educational systems. After the Prophet’s death, Islam rapidly expanded through the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs (Khulafaur Rasyidin), the Umayyad Dynasty, and the Abbasid Dynasty, which expanded territorial influence while also developing a great intellectual civilization. In Indonesia, Islam was introduced through trade routes and developed peacefully through cultural approaches, education, and the roles of scholars and the Wali Songo. This study concludes that the development of Islam not only demonstrates the successful spread of the religion but also significantly contributes to the formation of civilization, education, culture, and social life in society.