PERGESERAN EPISTEMIK LEMBAGA PAI DARI MASA KOLONIAL BELANDA HINGGA ERA POST-TRUTH: ANALISIS SOSIOKULTURAL BERBASIS TEORI TRANSFORMASI FAZLUR RAHMAN

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Islamic Religious Education (IRE) institutions in Indonesia have experienced a gradual epistemic transformation from the Dutch colonial period to the contemporary post-truth era, characterized by the widespread dissemination of digital misinformation and the declining authority of knowledge. This condition calls for an analytical perspective that extends beyond conventional historical narratives by incorporating broader sociocultural dimensions. This study aims to critically examine the epistemic transformation of IRE institutions through a sociocultural perspective using Fazlur Rahman’s theory of Islamic educational transformation, particularly the concepts of double movement and integrative neo-modernism, as its analytical framework. This research employs a qualitative library research approach. Data were collected from relevant primary and secondary sources and analyzed using a critical-comparative method. The findings reveal that the epistemic transformation of IRE institutions has evolved through multiple phases shaped by distinct sociocultural conditions across different historical periods. Furthermore, Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) and madrasah have demonstrated epistemic resilience by adapting to external pressures while preserving their Islamic educational identity. The study also finds that the post-truth era presents unprecedented epistemic challenges, requiring the contextual implementation of Islamic educational transformation to strengthen institutional adaptability in responding to digital information disruption. This study contributes a conceptual synthesis integrating Fazlur Rahman’s transformative educational theory with sociocultural analysis as a framework for reinforcing the development of Islamic educational policies and practices in Indonesia.

ABSTRAK

Lembaga Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) di Indonesia mengalami perubahan epistemik yang berlangsung secara bertahap sejak masa kolonial Belanda hingga era post-truth, ketika disinformasi digital dan melemahnya otoritas pengetahuan menjadi tantangan utama. Kondisi tersebut menuntut kajian yang tidak hanya bersifat historis, tetapi juga mempertimbangkan dimensi sosiokultural secara lebih komprehensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dinamika pergeseran epistemik lembaga PAI melalui perspektif sosiokultural dengan menggunakan teori transformasi pendidikan Islam Fazlur Rahman, khususnya konsep double movement dan neo-modernisme integratif sebagai kerangka analisis. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kajian pustaka (library research) dengan metode kualitatif-analitis. Data diperoleh dari berbagai sumber primer dan sekunder yang relevan, kemudian dianalisis melalui teknik analisis kritis-komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pergeseran epistemik lembaga PAI berlangsung dalam beberapa fase yang dipengaruhi oleh perubahan kondisi sosiokultural pada setiap periode sejarah. Selain itu, pesantren dan madrasah mampu membangun ketahanan epistemik melalui adaptasi terhadap berbagai tekanan eksternal tanpa kehilangan karakter keislamannya. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa era post-truth menghadirkan tantangan baru yang memerlukan penguatan kerangka transformasi pendidikan Islam secara kontekstual agar lembaga PAI tetap adaptif terhadap disrupsi informasi digital. Kajian ini menawarkan sintesis antara teori transformasi Fazlur Rahman dan analisis sosiokultural sebagai landasan konseptual untuk memperkuat pengembangan kebijakan serta praktik pendidikan Islam di Indonesia.