ANALISIS BENTUK DAN MAKNA SIMBOLIK RITUAL ADAT DOPE KEROME DI DESA NIMUN DANIBAO KECAMATAN ADONARA BARAT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/language.v6i4.15872Keywords:
Bentuk Dan Makna Simbolik, Ritual Adat, Dope KeromeAbstract
This study aims to identify the material forms and analyze the symbolic meanings and pragmatic functions of signs in the Dope Kerome traditional ritual in Nimun Danibao Village, West Adonara District, East Flores Regency. Employing a qualitative descriptive method within Charles Sanders Peirce's triadic semiotic framework, this study examines the relational dynamics among representamen, object, and interpretant. The research data were gathered from four key informants—clan chiefs, customary elders, women figures, and youth leaders—utilizing participatory observation, structured in-depth interviews, audio-visual recordings, and field notes. The findings indicate that the Dope Kerome ritual incorporates eight primary symbolic instruments: kerome (rat), tuak bur’a (white palm wine), manuk eket (rooster offering), manuk tel’u (chicken egg), manuk an’a (chick), witi (goat), wata bit’i (titi corn), and ketupat. Semiotic analysis reveals that these signs are polarized into two fundamental cultural functions: ecological reconciliation to restore agrarian balance from pest infestations and social integration that reaffirms historical genealogical alliances between Nimun Danibao Village and Basiduk Hamlet. Consequently, the Dope Kerome ritual embodies an indigenous agrarian worldview vital for sustaining communal solidarity and rural ecological equilibrium.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi wujud bentuk material serta menganalisis makna simbolik dan fungsi pragmatis tanda dalam ritual adat Dope Kerome di Desa Nimun Danibao, Kecamatan Adonara Barat, Kabupaten Flores Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan kerangka semiotika triadik Charles Sanders Peirce untuk membedah relasi tanda antara representamen, object, dan interpretant. Data penelitian bersumber dari peristiwa tutur dan material ritual yang dihimpun dari empat informan kunci (kepala suku, pemangku adat, tokoh perempuan, dan tokoh pemuda) melalui teknik observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam terstruktur, rekaman audio-visual, dan pencatatan lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ritual Dope Kerome mengintegrasikan delapan instrumen simbolik utama, yaitu: kerome (tikus), tuak bur’a (tuak putih), manuk eket (ayam jantan sesajian), manuk tel’u (telur ayam), manuk an’a (anak ayam), witi (kambing), wata bit’i (jagung titi), dan ketupat. Analisis semiotika membuktikan bahwa tanda-tanda tersebut terpolarisasi ke dalam dua fungsi kultural fundamental, yakni fungsi rekonsiliasi ekologis berupa pemulihan keseimbangan alam dari serangan hama pertanian dan fungsi integrasi sosial yang mempererat aliansi genealogis antara masyarakat Desa Nimun Danibao dengan masyarakat Kampung Basiduk. Oleh karena itu, ritual Dope Kerome merepresentasikan kearifan lokal agraris yang berperan penting dalam merawat solidaritas komunal dan kelestarian ekosistem pedesaan.
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