HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAAN GAWAI BERLEBIHAN DENGAN TINGKAT AKTIVITAS FISIK PADA REMAJA: MINI LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/healthy.v5i4.14475Keywords:
Aktivitas Fisik, Penggunaan Gawai, Perilaku Sedentari, Remaja Sekolah, Waktu LayarAbstract
The escalating use of gadgets among school-aged adolescents has raised profound public health concerns regarding diminished daily physical activity and amplified sedentary behavior. This study aimed to examine the association between excessive gadget usage and physical activity levels among school-age adolescents. A mini literature review was conducted by searching the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using bilingual structured queries. Articles were selected based on observational designs published within the last decade, school adolescent subjects, direct assessments of screen time and physical activity, and full-text availability. From an initial capture of 20,236 articles, 14 studies met the eligibility criteria and were synthesized narratively following the rigorous exclusion of non-qualifying records. The synthesized findings consistently demonstrated that heightened screen time is inversely associated with physical activity and strongly linked to prolonged sedentary behavior. Digital engagement exceeding two hours daily directly displaces leisure time allocated for active physical movement. Consequently, managing recreational screen duration serves as an essential determinant for mitigating low physical fitness among school-going adolescents.
ABSTRAK
Penggunaan gawai yang semakin intensif pada remaja usia sekolah memicu kekhawatiran serius terhadap penurunan aktivitas fisik harian dan peningkatan perilaku menetap (sedentary behavior). Kajian ini bertujuan menelaah secara terfokus hubungan penggunaan gawai berlebihan terhadap tingkat aktivitas fisik pada populasi remaja sekolah. Metode yang digunakan adalah mini literature review melalui penelusuran basis data PubMed dan Google Scholar dengan kata kunci terstruktur dwibahasa. Kriteria pemilihan artikel mencakup studi observasional terbitan sepuluh tahun terakhir, melibatkan remaja usia sekolah, menyajikan pengukuran durasi gawai (screen time) dan aktivitas fisik, serta dapat diakses secara penuh (full-text). Berdasarkan 20.236 artikel awal yang teridentifikasi, sebanyak 14 artikel memenuhi seluruh kriteria kelayakan dan disintesis secara naratif analitis setelah eksklusi sumber yang tidak memenuhi syarat. Hasil telaah membuktikan secara konsisten bahwa durasi screen time yang tinggi berbanding terbalik dengan intensitas aktivitas fisik serta berhubungan erat dengan tingginya perilaku sedentari. Penggunaan perangkat digital lebih dari dua jam per hari cenderung menggeser alokasi waktu luang yang semestinya digunakan untuk kegiatan motorik aktif. Dengan demikian, pengendalian durasi penggunaan gawai menjadi determinan esensial dalam memitigasi risiko penurunan kebugaran jasmani pada remaja sekolah.
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