TRANSFORMASI MAHĀRATUL KALĀM SANTRI MELALUI PENDEKATAN KOMUNIKATIF BERBASIS BI'AH LUGHAWIYAH DI PONDOK PESANTREN AL-ITTIFAQIYAH

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the transformation of mahāratul kalām (Arabic speaking skills) among students through a communicative approach based on bi’ah lughawiyah at Al-Ittifaqiyah Islamic Boarding School. The study was motivated by the low level of students' Arabic speaking proficiency, which is attributed to the predominance of structural approaches in language instruction and the limited opportunities for active communication practice. In this study, transformation refers to the improvement of students’ speaking abilities, as reflected in increased confidence, speaking fluency, vocabulary mastery, the ability to express ideas, and the spontaneous use of Arabic in daily communication. A mixed-method approach was employed. Data were collected through Guttman-scale questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, observations, and documentation. The participants consisted of 30 students, three language administrators, and two Arabic language supervisors (musyrifah). Quantitative data were analyzed using percentage calculations and interpreted based on Riduwan’s (2013) criteria, while qualitative data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that active communication practices achieved a score of 80.6% (good category), social interaction and bi’ah lughawiyah reached 91.3% (very good category), and the transformation of speaking skills attained 87% (very good category). Qualitative findings further reveal that students experienced a significant shift from being passive and afraid of making mistakes to becoming more confident, active, and capable of communicating in Arabic across various situations. In addition, students’ educational backgrounds, particularly their previous experience in learning Arabic, influenced the pace of their speaking skill transformation. This study confirms that the integration of a communicative approach with bi’ah lughawiyah effectively promotes the development of students’ Arabic communicative competence in an active, contextual, and sustainable manner.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis transformasi mahāratul kalām (kemampuan berbicara bahasa Arab) santri melalui pendekatan komunikatif berbasis bi’ah lughawiyah di Pondok Pesantren Al-Ittifaqiyah. Penelitian dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan berbicara bahasa Arab santri yang disebabkan oleh dominasi pendekatan struktural dalam pembelajaran dan minimnya praktik komunikasi aktif. Transformasi dalam penelitian ini dipahami sebagai perubahan kemampuan berbahasa yang ditandai oleh peningkatan keberanian berbicara, kelancaran berkomunikasi, penguasaan kosakata, kemampuan menyampaikan pendapat, serta penggunaan bahasa Arab secara spontan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan mixed method dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui angket skala Guttman, wawancara semi terstruktur, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 30 santri, 3 pengurus bahasa, dan 2 musyrifah bahasa Arab. Analisis data kuantitatif menggunakan rumus persentase yang diinterpretasikan berdasarkan skala Riduwan (2013), sedangkan data kualitatif dianalisis menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik komunikasi aktif memperoleh persentase 80,6% (kategori baik), interaksi sosial dan bi’ah lughawiyah 91,3% (kategori sangat baik), serta transformasi kemampuan berbicara 87% (kategori sangat baik). Temuan kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa santri mengalami perubahan dari kondisi pasif dan takut melakukan kesalahan menjadi lebih percaya diri, aktif, dan mampu berkomunikasi menggunakan bahasa Arab dalam berbagai situasi. Selain itu, latar belakang santri, khususnya pengalaman belajar bahasa Arab sebelumnya, turut memengaruhi kecepatan transformasi kemampuan berbicara. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa integrasi pendekatan komunikatif dan bi’ah lughawiyah efektif dalam membentuk kompetensi komunikatif bahasa Arab santri secara aktif, kontekstual, dan berkelanjutan.