EFEKTIVITAS SELF-PROTECTION MODEL TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN ANAK PADA KEKERASAN SEKSUAL

Abstract

The cases of sexual violence against children in Indonesia continue to increase and have become a serious problem that requires early prevention efforts. The low level of children’s knowledge regarding the forms, characteristics, and ways of dealing with sexual violence makes children a vulnerable group to such acts. One preventive effort that can be implemented is through the application of the Self-Protection Model (SPM), an intervention model that integrates psychoeducation, assertive behavior training, simulation, and role-play to improve children’s knowledge regarding the prevention of sexual violence. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Self-Protection Model on children’s level of knowledge regarding sexual violence. The study employed a one-group pre-test and post-test design. The subjects consisted of 20 fifth-grade students of SD Negeri 03 Sungai Raya, Kubu Raya Regency, who were selected using purposive sampling. Quantitative data were collected using a knowledge scale based on the knowledge dimensions proposed by Anderson and Krathwohl, while qualitative data were obtained through observation and interviews. Data analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann–Whitney U test with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics 23. The results showed an increase in children’s level of knowledge after the Self-Protection Model intervention was administered. The Wilcoxon test results showed a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores. These findings indicate that the Self-Protection Model is effective in improving children’s knowledge regarding the prevention of sexual violence and can therefore serve as an alternative preventive educational program in elementary school settings.

ABSTRAK

Kasus kekerasan seksual pada anak di Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan dan menjadi permasalahan serius yang memerlukan upaya pencegahan sejak dini. Rendahnya tingkat pengetahuan anak mengenai bentuk, ciri, serta cara menghadapi kekerasan seksual menyebabkan anak menjadi kelompok yang rentan terhadap tindakan tersebut. Salah satu upaya preventif yang dapat dilakukan adalah melalui penerapan Self-Protection Model (SPM), yaitu model intervensi yang mengintegrasikan psikoedukasi, pelatihan perilaku asertif, simulasi, dan role play untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan anak mengenai pencegahan kekerasan seksual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas Self-Protection Model terhadap tingkat pengetahuan anak mengenai kekerasan seksual. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan one group pre-test dan post-test. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 20 siswa kelas V SD Negeri 03 Sungai Raya Kabupaten Kubu Raya yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data kuantitatif dikumpulkan melalui skala pengetahuan berdasarkan dimensi pengetahuan Anderson dan Krathwohl, sedangkan data kualitatif diperoleh melalui observasi dan wawancara. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test dan Mann–Whitney U dengan bantuan IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan tingkat pengetahuan anak setelah diberikan intervensi Self-Protection Model. Hasil uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 (p < 0,05), yang mengindikasikan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara skor pre-test dan post-test. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa Self-Protection Model efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan anak mengenai pencegahan kekerasan seksual sehingga dapat menjadi alternatif program edukasi preventif di lingkungan sekolah dasar.