PENERAPAN DISTRAKSI AUDIO-VISUAL BERBASIS SMARTPHONE TERHADAP RESPONS NYERI PADA PEMASANGAN INFUS ANAK

Abstract

Intravenous catheterization is one of the invasive procedures frequently performed in children and may cause pain, fear, crying, and difficulty maintaining cooperation during the procedure. Audiovisual distraction is a non-pharmacological intervention with potential to divert children's attention from procedural stimuli and can be implemented using relatively simple media. This study aimed to document the application of smartphone-based audiovisual distraction and describe changes in children's pain and emotional responses during intravenous catheterization. A preliminary descriptive study with a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted among five children aged 1–5 years undergoing intravenous catheterization. Pain intensity was assessed using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) scale for children younger than 3 years and the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale for children aged 3 years and older. Distraction media consisting of animated videos or children's songs were selected according to the children's age and preferences, while emotional responses, including fear, crying, and cooperation, were assessed clinically. The preliminary evaluation showed that four of five patients (80%) experienced a decrease in pain scores, with the recorded mean score decreasing from 7.4 to 4.6. One patient showed no change in pain score because severe fear and crying had already been observed before the intervention. These preliminary findings indicate the potential application of smartphone-based audiovisual distraction as one non-pharmacological option for managing children's responses during intravenous catheterization when clinically appropriate. However, the findings should be interpreted cautiously because the evaluation involved a small number of participants, lacked a comparison group, and used different pain assessment instruments according to age.

ABSTRAK

Pemasangan infus merupakan salah satu prosedur invasif yang sering dilakukan pada anak dan dapat menimbulkan nyeri, ketakutan, tangisan, serta kesulitan mempertahankan kerja sama selama tindakan. Distraksi audio-visual merupakan salah satu intervensi nonfarmakologis yang berpotensi mengalihkan perhatian anak dari stimulus prosedural dan dapat diterapkan menggunakan media yang relatif sederhana. Studi ini bertujuan mendokumentasikan penerapan distraksi audio-visual berbasis smartphone serta menggambarkan perubahan respons nyeri dan respons emosional anak selama pemasangan infus. Studi deskriptif pendahuluan dengan desain one-group pretest-posttest dilakukan pada lima pasien anak usia 1–5 tahun yang menjalani pemasangan infus. Skor nyeri dinilai menggunakan Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) pada anak berusia di bawah 3 tahun dan Wong-Baker FACES pada anak berusia 3 tahun atau lebih. Media distraksi berupa video animasi atau lagu anak dipilih sesuai usia dan minat anak, sedangkan respons emosional berupa ketakutan, tangisan, dan kooperasi diamati secara klinis. Hasil evaluasi awal menunjukkan bahwa empat dari lima pasien (80%) mengalami penurunan skor nyeri, dengan rata-rata skor yang tercatat menurun dari 7,4 menjadi 4,6. Satu pasien tidak menunjukkan perubahan skor karena telah mengalami ketakutan dan tangisan berat sebelum intervensi. Temuan awal ini menunjukkan potensi penerapan distraksi audio-visual berbasis smartphone sebagai salah satu pilihan intervensi nonfarmakologis dalam membantu mengelola respons anak selama pemasangan infus apabila kondisi klinis memungkinkan. Namun, hasil tersebut perlu diinterpretasikan secara hati-hati karena evaluasi dilakukan pada jumlah subjek yang kecil, tanpa kelompok pembanding, serta menggunakan instrumen penilaian nyeri yang berbeda berdasarkan usia.