HUBUNGAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN DENGAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS
Keywords:
diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin, blood glucose, glukosa darah, diabetes melitusAbstract
ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia caused by impaired insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Long-term hyperglycemia may be associated with hematological disturbances, including changes in hemoglobin levels. This study aimed to determine the correlation between hemoglobin levels and blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. An observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted using primary laboratory data. Thirty diabetes mellitus patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected by purposive sampling. Hemoglobin levels were examined using the Sysmex XN-330 hematology analyzer, while fasting blood glucose was examined using the GOD-PAP enzymatic colorimetric method on a chemistry analyzer. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test followed by Pearson correlation. The results showed that the mean hemoglobin level was 11.7 g/dL and the mean blood glucose level was 155 mg/dL. Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between hemoglobin and blood glucose levels (p=0.004; r=-0.596). Thus, higher blood glucose levels tended to be associated with lower hemoglobin levels in the studied patients.
ABSTRAK
Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit metabolik kronis yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar glukosa darah akibat gangguan sekresi insulin, kerja insulin, atau keduanya. Hiperglikemia yang berlangsung lama dapat berkaitan dengan gangguan hematologis, termasuk perubahan kadar hemoglobin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar hemoglobin dengan kadar glukosa darah pada pasien diabetes melitus. Penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional ini menggunakan data primer hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium. Sebanyak 30 pasien diabetes melitus yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Kadar hemoglobin diperiksa menggunakan hematology analyzer Sysmex XN-330, sedangkan kadar glukosa darah puasa diperiksa dengan metode GOD-PAP Enzimatik Kolorimetri menggunakan chemistry analyzer. Data dianalisis dengan uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk dan dilanjutkan dengan uji korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata kadar hemoglobin sebesar 11,7 g/dL dan rata-rata kadar glukosa darah sebesar 155 mg/dL. Uji korelasi Pearson menunjukkan adanya hubungan negatif yang bermakna antara kadar hemoglobin dan kadar glukosa darah (p=0,004; r=-0,596). Dengan demikian, semakin tinggi kadar glukosa darah cenderung diikuti oleh semakin rendah kadar hemoglobin pada pasien yang diteliti
Downloads
References
Agarwal, H., Kapoor, G., Sethi, P., Ghosh, T., Pandey, S., Sehgal, T., Meena, V. P., Ranjan, P., & Vikram, N. K. (2024). Anemia and its association with glycemia and transaminitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional pilot study. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 13(8), 2972–2978. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1601_23
Ahmed, G. M., Abed, M. N., & Alassaf, F. A. (2024). The diabetic-anemia nexus: Implications for clinical practice. Military Medical Science Letters (Vojenské Zdravotnické Listy), 93(4), 377–387. https://doi.org/10.31482/mmsl.2023.042
Al-Dwairi, A., Al-Shboul, O., Al-U’datt, D. G. F., Saadeh, R., AlQudah, M., Khassawneh, A., Alfaqih, M., Albtoush, A., Hweidi, A., & Alnemer, A. (2024). Effect of poor glycemic control on the prevalence and determinants of anemia and chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Jordan: An observational cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE, 19(11), Article e0313627. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0313627
AlFalasi, S. M., Abdouli, K. A., & Aldashti, N. A. (2024). Association of anemia and diabetic retinopathy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Cureus, 16(8), Article e67995. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.67995
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes. (2026). 2. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026. Diabetes Care, 49(Supplement_1), S27–S49. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc26-S002
Antwi-Baffour, S., Mensah, B. T., Armah, D. N. O., Ali-Mustapha, S., & Annison, L. (2023). Comparative analysis of glycated haemoglobin, fasting blood glucose and haematological parameters in type-2 diabetes patients. BMC Research Notes, 16, Article 256. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-023-06520-x
Arkew, M., Asmerom, H., Gemechu, K., & Tesfa, T. (2023). Global prevalence of anemia among type 2 diabetic adult patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity, 16, 2243–2254. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S421851
Bell, D. S. H. (2022). Metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency can cause or worsen distal symmetrical, autonomic and cardiac neuropathy in the patient with diabetes. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 24(8), 1423–1428. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.14734
Davarc?, P. Z., Akba?, E. M., Aslan, Y. K., Adm??, Ö., & Davarc?, ?. (2024). Investigation of the relationship between hemoglobin and hemoglobin A1c levels in diabetes mellitus patients with and without anemia. Archives of Basic and Clinical Research, 6(1), 23–26. https://doi.org/10.5152/ABCR.2024.23173
Elsheikh, E., Aljohani, S. S., Alshaikhmubarak, M. M., Alhawl, M. A., Alsubaie, A. W., Alsultan, N., Sharif, A. F., & Ali, S. I. (2023). Implications of iron deficiency anaemia on glycemic dynamics in diabetes mellitus: A critical risk factor in cardiovascular disease. Cureus, 15(11), Article e49414. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.49414
Faghir-Ganji, M., Abdolmohammadi, N., Nikbina, M., Amanollahi, A., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Khezri, R., & Baradaran, H. (2024). Prevalence of anemia in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 37(1), 96–107. https://doi.org/10.3967/bes2024.008
International Diabetes Federation. (2025). IDF diabetes atlas (11th ed.). https://diabetesatlas.org
Kaiafa, G., Veneti, S., Polychronopoulos, G., Pilalas, D., Daios, S., Kanellos, I., Didangelos, T., Pagoni, S., & Savopoulos, C. (2021). Is HbA1c an ideal biomarker of well-controlled diabetes? Postgraduate Medical Journal, 97(1148), 380–383. https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138756
Kaltsum, T. I., & Pusparini. (2023). Poor glycemic control correlates with iron deficiency anemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Althea Medical Journal, 10(2), 99–103. https://doi.org/10.15850/amj.v10n2.2937
Michalak, S. S., Wolny-Rokicka, E., Nowakowska, E., Michalak, M., & Gil, L. (2021). Clinical implications of the coexistence of anemia and diabetes mellitus in the elderly population. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2021, Article 8745968. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8745968
Michán-Doña, A., Jiménez-Varo, E., Escribano-Cobalea, M., Casto-Jarillo, C., López-Ceres, A., Campos-Dávila, E., Hormigo-Pozo, A., Nieto-Ordoñez, C., Rodríguez-Juliá, M. Á., & Escribano-Serrano, J. (2024). Prevalence and characteristics of anemia in patients with diabetes mellitus aged 50 or older in health unit area of Cadiz (Spain). Revista Clínica Española (English Edition), 224(7), 457–465. https://www.revclinesp.es/en-prevalence-characteristics-anemia-in-patients-articulo-S2254887424000870
Negara, C. K., Sukartini, T., Dewi, Y. S., Nursalam, Pertiwiwati, E., Chrismilasari, L. A., Arif, R. N. A., Rahmayanti, D., & Maulana, I. (2025). Correlation of blood glucose levels with profiles hematology on patient diabetes mellitus with ulcer diabetes. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 30(3). https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_294_23
Obeagu, E. I. (2024). Red blood cells as biomarkers and mediators in complications of diabetes mellitus: A review. Medicine, 103(8), Article e37265. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000037265
O?uz, O., Serin, H., & Hocao?lu, F. S. (2022). Evaluation of hemoglobin and hematocrit values by the CO-oximetry and cyanide-free sodium lauryl sulphate methods: A retrospective study. ?stanbul Medical Journal, 23(3), 194–198. https://doi.org/10.4274/imj.galenos.2022.92845
Wang, Y., Yang, P., Yan, Z., Liu, Z., Ma, Q., Zhang, Z., Wang, Y., & Su, Y. (2021). The relationship between erythrocytes and diabetes mellitus. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2021, Article 6656062. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6656062
Williams, A., Bissinger, R., Shamaa, H., Patel, S., Bourne, L., Artunc, F., & Qadri, S. M. (2023). Pathophysiology of red blood cell dysfunction in diabetes and its complications. Pathophysiology, 30(3), 327–345. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30030026
World Health Organization. (2024). Guideline on haemoglobin cutoffs to define anaemia in individuals and populations. https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789240088542
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2027 Rozakia Ainurrohim, Dwi Krihariyani, Edy Haryanto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
CC Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
