PENINGKATAN KEAKTIFAN BELAJAR PJOK MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF BERBASIS PERMAINAN BOLA KECIL

Abstract

The low participation of fifth-grade students at SDN 1 Landasan Ulin Utara in learning activities may affect the achievement of learning objectives. Although numerous studies have examined the implementation of collaborative learning models and game-based activities in Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK), studies integrating collaborative learning with small-ball games to encourage active learning among elementary school students remain relatively limited. This study focuses on evaluating the effect of a collaborative learning model utilizing small-ball games on students’ learning activity levels. The study employed a quantitative approach with a One Group Pretest–Posttest Design. The research was conducted from May 18 to 25, 2026, during the second semester of the 2025/2026 academic year. All 30 fifth-grade students were included as research subjects. Data were collected using a learning activity observation sheet that had been assessed by validators prior to its use in the study. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics, including the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, Levene’s homogeneity test, and Paired Samples t-test, with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics 26. The results showed an increase in the mean learning activity score from 23.17 to 34.07 following the implementation of the learning model. Hypothesis testing yielded a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant difference between the scores before and after the treatment. These findings suggest that cooperative learning based on small-ball games can serve as an alternative approach to improving student learning activity in Physical Education at the elementary school level.

ABSTRAK

Rendahnya partisipasi peserta didik kelas V di SDN 1 Landasan Ulin Utara dalam mengikuti aktivitas pembelajaran dapat memengaruhi pencapaian tujuan pembelajaran. Walaupun telah banyak riset yang mengulas penerapan model pembelajaran kolaboratif maupun aktivitas berbasis permainan dalam PJOK, studi yang mengintegrasikan pembelajaran kolaboratif dengan permainan bola kecil guna mendorong keaktifan belajar siswa sekolah dasar masih tergolong jarang. Studi ini berfokus pada evaluasi dampak model pembelajaran kolaboratif yang memanfaatkan permainan bola kecil terhadap tingkat keaktifan belajar para siswa. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan rancangan One Group Pretest–Posttest Design. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada 18–25 Mei 2026, semester 2 tahun ajaran 2025/2026. Seluruh peserta didik kelas V yang berjumlah 30 orang dijadikan subjek penelitian. Data dikumpulkan melalui lembar observasi keaktifan belajar yang telah memperoleh penilaian dari validator sebelum digunakan dalam penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensial melalui uji normalitas Shapiro–Wilk, uji homogenitas Levene, serta Paired Sample t-test dengan bantuan IBM SPSS Statistics 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan rata-rata skor keaktifan belajar dari 23,17 menjadi 34,07 setelah pembelajaran diterapkan. Pengujian hipotesis menghasilkan nilai signifikansi 0,000 (p<0,05) yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara hasil sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran kooperatif berbasis permainan bola kecil dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif untuk meningkatkan keaktifan belajar peserta didik pada pembelajaran PJOK di sekolah dasar.