STATUS KOMPLIKASI PADA IBU DIABETES MELLITUS GESTASIONAL DAN KEMATIAN PERINATAL: STUDI CROSS-SECTIONAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/healthy.v5i4.15502Keywords:
Diabetes Mellitus Gestasional, Kematian Perinatal, PreeklamsiaAbstract
ABSTRACT
Perinatal mortality remains a significant public health issue because it affects infant survival. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) accompanied by complications, such as hypertension in pregnancy and preeclampsia, is believed to increase the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes compared to GDM without complications. In Kediri Regency, cases of GDM increased from 43 cases (0.20%) in 2023 to 50 cases (0.26%) in 2024. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between complication status in mothers with GDM and the incidence of perinatal mortality at Aura Syifa Hospital. This study employed an observational analytical design with a retrospective cross-sectional approach. The study sample consisted of 86 respondents obtained through a review of medical records based on the minimum sample size determined using the Slovin formula and consecutive sampling until the minimum sample size was met. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate methods, specifically Fisher's exact test, with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results showed that 51 respondents (59.3%) had GDM with complications, while 35 respondents (40.7%) had GDM without complications. Perinatal mortality occurred in 3 respondents (3.5%), with a proportion of 2.9% in the group with GDM without complications and 3.9% in the group with GDM with complications. Fisher's exact test yielded a p-value of 1.000 and an odds ratio (OR) of 0.721 (95% CI: 0.063–8.267), indicating that there was insufficient statistical evidence to demonstrate an association between complication status in mothers with GDM and perinatal mortality. Nevertheless, the proportion of perinatal mortality was higher among mothers with GDM accompanied by complications; therefore, more intensive pregnancy monitoring remains necessary.
ABSTRAK
Kematian perinatal masih menjadi masalah kesehatan penting karena berdampak pada kelangsungan hidup bayi. Diabetes Mellitus Gestasional (DMG) yang disertai komplikasi, seperti hipertensi dalam kehamilan dan preeklamsia, diduga meningkatkan risiko luaran perinatal yang buruk dibandingkan DMG tanpa komplikasi. Di Kabupaten Kediri, kasus DMG meningkat dari 43 kasus (0,20%) pada tahun 2023 menjadi 50 kasus (0,26%) pada tahun 2024. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan status komplikasi pada ibu dengan DMG dan kejadian kematian perinatal di RS Aura Syifa. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain analitik observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang retrospektif (cross-sectional). Sampel penelitian berjumlah 86 responden yang diperoleh melalui penelusuran rekam medis berdasarkan jumlah minimal sampel yang ditetapkan menggunakan rumus Slovin dengan teknik consecutive sampling hingga jumlah sampel minimal terpenuhi. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Fisher's exact dengan taraf signifikansi α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 86 responden, sebanyak 51 responden (59,3%) mengalami DMG dengan komplikasi dan 35 responden (40,7%) mengalami DMG tanpa komplikasi. Kematian perinatal ditemukan pada 3 responden (3,5%), dengan proporsi 2,9% pada kelompok DMG tanpa komplikasi dan 3,9% pada kelompok DMG dengan komplikasi. Hasil uji Fisher's exact menunjukkan nilai p = 1,000 dengan odds ratio (OR) = 0,721 (95% CI: 0,063–8,267), sehingga belum terdapat bukti statistik yang menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara status komplikasi pada ibu dengan DMG dan kejadian kematian perinatal. Meskipun demikian, proporsi kematian perinatal lebih tinggi pada kelompok ibu dengan DMG yang disertai komplikasi, sehingga pemantauan kehamilan yang lebih intensif tetap diperlukan.
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