PENGARUH KONSELING GIZI TERHADAP STATUS GIZI PASIEN HIV/AIDS DI WAMENA, KABUPATEN JAYAWIJAYA, PROVINSI PAPUA PEGUNUNGAN: EVALUASI PROGRAM DENGAN PENDEKATAN CONTEXT, INPUT, PROCESS, PRODUCT (CIPP)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/healthy.v5i3.13492Keywords:
Konseling Gizi, Status Gizi, HIV/AIDS, Evaluasi Program, CIPPAbstract
HIV/AIDS affects patients' nutritional status through increased energy requirements, metabolic disturbances, and reduced appetite caused by opportunistic infections, making nutritional counseling an important intervention whose effectiveness and implementation warrant evaluation. This study aimed to analyze the effect of nutritional counseling on the nutritional status of HIV/AIDS patients in Wamena, Jayawijaya Regency, and to evaluate program implementation using the Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP) approach. This study employed a mixed-methods approach with an Explanatory Sequential Design. The quantitative phase used a cross-sectional design with total sampling of 166 patients at Wamena Regional Hospital and Wamena Kota Public Health Center, analyzed using a paired difference test. The qualitative phase used an exploratory descriptive case study with 14 informants selected through purposive sampling. Results showed no significant difference in nutritional status before and after counseling (pre-mean 24.974±4.4400; post-mean 24.962±4.2696; mean difference 0.0123; 95% CI −0.3103 to 0.3348; Cohen's d=0.006; p=0.940), with an uneven shift in nutritional status across categories. Qualitative evaluation revealed limited numbers of nutritionists and educational media in the input aspect, irregular counseling schedules in the process aspect, improved knowledge and healthier eating behavior in the output aspect, and weight gain among some patients in the outcome aspect. It is concluded that nutritional counseling showed no statistically significant short-term effect on nutritional status, yet provided benefits for patients' knowledge and eating behavior. Strengthening resources and structuring counseling schedules more systematically are needed.
ABSTRAK
HIV/AIDS memengaruhi status gizi penderita akibat peningkatan kebutuhan energi, gangguan metabolisme, dan penurunan nafsu makan akibat infeksi oportunistik, sehingga konseling gizi menjadi salah satu intervensi penting yang perlu dievaluasi efektivitas dan pelaksanaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh konseling gizi terhadap status gizi pasien HIV/AIDS di Wamena, Kabupaten Jayawijaya, serta mengevaluasi pelaksanaan program menggunakan pendekatan Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP). Penelitian menggunakan metode campuran dengan desain Explanatory Sequential. Tahap kuantitatif menggunakan rancangan potong lintang dengan total sampling terhadap 166 pasien di RSUD Wamena dan Puskesmas Wamena Kota, dianalisis menggunakan uji beda berpasangan. Tahap kualitatif menggunakan studi kasus deskriptif eksploratif dengan 14 informan yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Hasil menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan status gizi yang signifikan sebelum dan sesudah konseling (rerata pre 24,974±4,4400; post 24,962±4,2696; mean difference 0,0123; 95% CI −0,3103 hingga 0,3348; Cohen's d=0,006; p=0,940), dengan pergeseran status gizi yang tidak seragam antarkategori. Evaluasi kualitatif menunjukkan keterbatasan ahli gizi dan media edukasi pada aspek input, pelaksanaan konseling yang belum terjadwal rutin pada aspek proses, peningkatan pengetahuan dan perubahan perilaku makan pada aspek output, serta peningkatan berat badan pada sebagian pasien pada aspek outcome. Disimpulkan bahwa konseling gizi belum berpengaruh signifikan secara statistik dalam jangka pendek, namun bermanfaat terhadap pengetahuan dan perilaku makan pasien. Penguatan sumber daya dan penjadwalan konseling yang lebih terstruktur diperlukan.
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