PENANGANAN PERILAKU BULLYING MELALUI BIBLIOTERAPI STUDI PADA SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA (SMP) NEGERI SE-KOTA PONTIANAK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/paedagogy.v6i2.9558Keywords:
Bullying, Biblioterapi,, Konseling Sekolah, Siswa SMP, Quasi-Experimental DesignAbstract
This study was motivated by the high prevalence of bullying behavior in schools, which affects perpetrators, victims, and bystanders. Although bibliotherapy has been used to address various psychological and behavioral problems among students, studies that specifically examine bibliotherapy as an intervention to reduce bullying among junior high school students, particularly by considering the roles of perpetrators, victims, and bystanders, remain limited. This study aimed to develop and examine the effectiveness of bibliotherapy in addressing bullying behavior among public junior high school students in Pontianak City. The study employed a research and development approach followed by an effectiveness test using a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest nonequivalent group design. The effectiveness test involved 100 respondents who completed the perpetrator and victim bullying questionnaires and 65 respondents who completed the bystander response questionnaire. Data were collected using Bullying Behavior Questionnaire Format A for perpetrators, Format B for victims, and a bystander response questionnaire. The data were analyzed descriptively using category percentages and inferentially using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results showed that the proportion of perpetrators in the high bullying category decreased from 72% before the intervention to 23% after the intervention. Among victims, the high category decreased from 74% to 32%. Bystander responses also shifted toward more prosocial actions, as indicated by an increase in helping behavior from 9.23% to 44.62% and defending behavior from 9.23% to 32.31%. The Wilcoxon test showed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that bibliotherapy is potentially effective in reducing bullying behavior and can be used by school counselors as a reading-based reflective intervention to foster empathy, self-awareness, and prosocial behavior among students.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh tingginya perilaku bullying di sekolah yang berdampak pada pelaku, korban, dan penyaksi. Meskipun biblioterapi telah digunakan untuk menangani berbagai masalah psikologis dan perilaku siswa, kajian yang secara khusus menguji biblioterapi untuk mereduksi bullying pada siswa SMP, terutama dengan memperhatikan posisi pelaku, korban, dan penyaksi, masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan dan menguji efektivitas biblioterapi dalam menangani perilaku bullying pada siswa SMP negeri di Kota Pontianak. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan research and development yang dilanjutkan dengan uji efektivitas melalui desain quasi-experimental pretest-posttest nonequivalent group. Sampel uji efektivitas mencakup 100 responden pada angket pelaku dan korban bullying, serta 65 responden pada angket penyaksi bullying. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan angket perilaku bullying format A untuk pelaku, format B untuk korban, dan angket respons penyaksi. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif melalui persentase kategori dan secara inferensial menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kategori tinggi pada pelaku bullying menurun dari 72% sebelum perlakuan menjadi 23% setelah perlakuan. Pada korban bullying, kategori tinggi menurun dari 74% menjadi 32%. Respons penyaksi juga berubah ke arah prososial, ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan tindakan menolong dari 9,23% menjadi 44,62% dan membela dari 9,23% menjadi 32,31%. Uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antara skor pretest dan posttest (p < 0,05). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa biblioterapi berpotensi efektif mereduksi perilaku bullying dan dapat digunakan guru Bimbingan Konsling sebagai layanan reflektif berbasis bacaan untuk membangun empati, kesadaran diri, dan perilaku prososial siswa.
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