KEPUASAN KERJA DOSEN: PERAN BEBAN KERJA, STRES KERJA, DAN PENGALAMAN KERJA SEBAGAI MODERATOR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/paedagogy.v6i4.15970Keywords:
Beban Kerja, Job Demands-Resources Theory, Kepuasan Kerja, Pengalaman Kerja, PLS-SEMAbstract
ABSTRACT
The increasingly complex demands of the higher education tridharma frequently trigger dynamic psychological pressures and work evaluations among lecturers; however, the mechanisms explaining these relationships continue to show inconsistent findings, particularly regarding how tenure or individual work experience differentiates the impacts of various types of workload. To address this research gap, this study aims to analyze the effects of workload and job stress on lecturers' job satisfaction and to examine work experience as a moderating variable in both relationships, using the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Theory as a theoretical framework. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was employed, involving 148 lecturers at Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 4.0 by evaluating the measurement model, structural model, and moderation effects. The results indicate that workload has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction (β = 0.272; p = 0.002), whereas job stress has a negative and significant effect (β = −0.384; p < 0.001). Work experience does not moderate the relationship between workload and job satisfaction (β = 0.031; p = 0.702), but it significantly moderates the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction (β = 0.198; p = 0.026), indicating an attenuation of the negative relationship. These findings provide additional evidence that the role of work experience within the JD-R framework is not uniform across different work relationships. Practically, higher education institutions need to strengthen stress management, professional support, mentoring, and workload allocation that is proportional to lecturers' capacities.
ABSTRAK
Tuntutan tridarma perguruan tinggi yang semakin kompleks kerap memicu dinamika tekanan psikologis dan evaluasi kerja dosen, namun mekanisme yang menjelaskan keterkaitan tersebut masih memperlihatkan inkonsistensi temuan, khususnya terkait bagaimana tenure atau masa kerja individu membedakan dampak dari berbagai jenis beban pekerjaan. Guna mengisi celah penelitian tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh beban kerja dan stres kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja dosen serta menguji pengalaman kerja sebagai variabel moderasi pada kedua hubungan tersebut dengan menggunakan Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Theory sebagai landasan teoretis. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional yang melibatkan 148 dosen Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) yang dipilih melalui proportionate stratified random sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) melalui SmartPLS 4.0 dengan pengujian model pengukuran, model struktural, dan efek moderasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beban kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja (β = 0,272; p = 0,002), sedangkan stres kerja berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan (β = −0,384; p < 0,001). Pengalaman kerja tidak memoderasi hubungan beban kerja dengan kepuasan kerja (β = 0,031; p = 0,702), tetapi secara signifikan memoderasi hubungan stres kerja dengan kepuasan kerja (β = 0,198; p = 0,026), yang mengarah pada pelemahan hubungan negatif tersebut. Temuan ini memberikan bukti tambahan bahwa peran pengalaman kerja dalam kerangka JD-R tidak seragam pada setiap hubungan kerja. Secara praktis, perguruan tinggi perlu memperkuat pengelolaan stres, dukungan profesional, mentoring, dan pengaturan beban kerja secara proporsional.
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