BAGAIMANA TIPE POLA ASUH BERKAITAN DENGAN STRATEGI ANAK KORBAN BENCANA ALAM?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/healthy.v5i4.14365Keywords:
Anak, Bencana Alam, Pola Asuh, Strategi CopingAbstract
ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyze the role of parenting styles on the coping strategies of children affected by natural disasters. The study used a quantitative approach with a survey design. The subjects consisted of 320 students aged 10–12 years from five elementary schools in Munjungan District, Trenggalek Regency, who had experienced natural disasters. The instruments used included a parenting style scale and a child coping strategy scale, which have been tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to evaluate the relationships between variables. The results of the study showed that authoritative parenting tends to suppress maladaptive coping strategies (distraction: r = -71.261; avoidance: r = -91.471), authoritarian parenting increases children's dependence on external support (support seeking: r = 74.59; p < 0.05), while permissive parenting shows a dual effect by increasing adaptive coping strategies (problem-focused: r = 170.700; p < 0.05; positive cognitive: r = 408.054; p < 0.05) as well as maladaptive (distraction: r = 268.256; p < 0.05; avoidance: r = 388.388; p < 0.05). These findings confirm that children's post-disaster coping strategies are the result of an interaction between parenting characteristics and post-disaster situational conditions. This research provides theoretical contributions in developmental psychology and disaster psychology as well as practical suggestions for adaptive parenting for disaster-affected children.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran pola asuh orang tua terhadap strategi coping anak korban bencana alam. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain survei. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 320 siswa berusia 10–12 tahun dari lima sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Munjungan, Kabupaten Trenggalek, yang pernah mengalami bencana alam. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi skala pola asuh orang tua dan skala strategi coping anak, yang telah teruji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Data dianalisis menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antar variabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola asuh otoritatif cenderung menekan strategi coping maladaptif (distraction: r = -71,261; avoidance: r = -91,471), pola asuh otoriter meningkatkan ketergantungan anak pada dukungan eksternal (support seeking: r = 74,59; p < 0,05), sedangkan pola asuh permisif menunjukkan pengaruh ganda dengan meningkatkan strategi coping adaptif (problem-focused: r = 170,700; p < 0,05; positive cognitive: r = 408,054; p < 0,05) sekaligus maladaptif (distraction: r = 268,256; p < 0,05; avoidance: r = 388,388; p < 0,05). Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa strategi coping anak pascabencana merupakan hasil interaksi antara karakteristik pola asuh dan kondisi situasional pascabencana. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi teoritis dalam psikologi perkembangan dan psikologi bencana serta saran praktis untuk pengasuhan adaptif bagi anak korban bencana.
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