FENOMENA BANJIR BANDANG SUMATRA DALAM PERSPEKSTIF ILMU KEBUMIAN MENGGUNAKAN LITERATUR SCOPUS 2016–2025: ANALISIS BIBLIOMETRIK PRISMA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/educational.v6i1.9190Keywords:
Banjir Bandang, Pendidikan Kebencanaan, Literasi Ekologi, Pendidikan Kebumian, PRISMA 2020Abstract
ABSTRACT
Flash floods in tropical regions have shown an increasing trend in frequency and impacts over the last two decades, particularly in vulnerable watersheds and areas experiencing rapid land-use change and urban expansion. This study focuses on mapping the development of scientific research on flash floods in Sumatra, specifically Aceh, North Sumatra, and West Sumatra, by examining the linkages among climate change, land cover change/deforestation, watershed dynamics, and both structural and non-structural mitigation strategies, including disaster education and ecological literacy. A systematic literature review (SLR) combined with bibliometric and thematic analyses was applied. Data were retrieved from the Scopus database for the 2016–2025 period, yielding 68 documents as the initial dataset. The selection process followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, resulting in 53 full-text documents retrieved, while 15 reports were not retrieved due to limited access. Of the 53 documents assessed, 41 were retained as relevant literature, comprising 25 core studies and 16 conditional supporting studies. Bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer identified six dominant thematic clusters centered on floods, flash flood, and indonesia, strongly connected to extreme rainfall, landscape change, geospatial technologies, spatial planning, and mitigation. The thematic synthesis indicates that flash flood risk in Sumatra is shaped by the interaction of hydrometeorological triggers, watershed degradation driven by land cover change, increasing exposure due to urbanization, and social capacity to respond to early warning information. This study concludes that integrated watershed-based mitigation, adaptive spatial planning, geospatial technology utilization, and strengthened risk literacy through disaster education and ecological literacy are essential to enhance long-term resilience.
ABSTRAK
Banjir bandang di wilayah tropis menunjukkan kecenderungan peningkatan frekuensi dan dampak dalam dua dekade terakhir, terutama pada daerah aliran sungai (DAS) yang rentan serta wilayah yang mengalami perubahan penggunaan lahan dan pertumbuhan permukiman secara cepat. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pemetaan perkembangan kajian ilmiah banjir bandang di Sumatra, khususnya Aceh, Sumatera Utara, dan Sumatera Barat, dengan menekankan keterkaitan perubahan iklim, perubahan tutupan lahan/deforestasi, dinamika DAS, serta strategi mitigasi struktural dan nonstruktural termasuk pendidikan kebencanaan dan literasi ekologi. Metode yang digunakan adalah systematic literature review (SLR) yang dipadukan dengan analisis bibliometrik dan sintesis tematik. Data diperoleh dari basis data Scopus pada periode 2016–2025 dengan total 68 dokumen sebagai dataset awal. Proses seleksi literatur mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020, menghasilkan 53 dokumen full-text yang berhasil diperoleh, sementara 15 dokumen tidak tersedia naskah lengkapnya. Dari 53 dokumen yang ditelaah, 41 dokumen dipertahankan sebagai literatur relevan, terdiri atas 25 dokumen inti dan 16 dokumen pendukung. Hasil bibliometrik menggunakan VOSviewer menunjukkan 6 klaster tema dominan yang berpusat pada floods, flash flood, dan indonesia, dengan keterkaitan kuat terhadap hujan ekstrem, perubahan lanskap, teknologi geospasial, tata ruang, serta mitigasi. Sintesis tematik menegaskan bahwa risiko banjir bandang di Sumatra merupakan hasil interaksi pemicu hidrometeorologi, degradasi fungsi DAS akibat perubahan tutupan lahan, meningkatnya paparan karena urbanisasi, serta kapasitas sosial dalam merespons peringatan dini. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan perlunya penguatan mitigasi berbasis DAS yang terintegrasi dengan tata ruang adaptif, pemanfaatan teknologi geospasial, dan penguatan literasi risiko melalui pendidikan kebencanaan serta literasi ekologi untuk mendukung ketangguhan jangka panjang.
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