PENDEKATAN TAZKIYAH AL-NAFS SEBAGAI STRATEGI PEMEMBINAAN KARAKTER ANTI-BULLYING PESERTA DIDIK MA NAWA KARTIKA SEKURO

Abstract

Bullying is one of the problems in educational settings that may affect students' psychological, social, and character development. Addressing bullying requires not only behavioral control but also an educational approach that strengthens students' moral and spiritual awareness. This study aims to describe the implementation of the tazkiyah al-nafs approach as a strategy for developing anti-bullying character among students at MA Nawa Kartika Sekuro and to analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors affecting its implementation. This study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation over the two-month period of May and June. The data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, consisting of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings show that the tazkiyah al-nafs approach was implemented through religious habituation activities, including congregational Duha prayer, Qur'an recitation, collective prayer, the 3S culture (Smile, Greeting, and Salutation), muhasabah, and teacher role modeling. Character development occurred through the stages of takhalli, tahalli, and tajalli, reflected in self-control, empathy, tolerance, respectful communication, cooperation, and social concern. The implementation was supported by the principal's commitment, teacher role modeling, a religious school culture, consistent habituation programs, harmonious relationships between teachers and students, and parental collaboration. The inhibiting factors included differences in family backgrounds, peer environmental influences, inappropriate social media use, and diverse student characteristics. The findings indicate that tazkiyah al-nafs can serve as a preventive approach to developing anti-bullying character through the internalization of spiritual and moral values in students' daily lives.

ABSTRAK

Bullying merupakan salah satu permasalahan dalam lingkungan pendidikan yang dapat memengaruhi perkembangan psikologis, sosial, dan karakter peserta didik. Penanganan bullying tidak hanya memerlukan pengendalian perilaku, tetapi juga pendekatan pembinaan yang mampu memperkuat kesadaran moral dan spiritual peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi pendekatan tazkiyah al-nafs sebagai strategi pembinaan karakter anti-bullying pada peserta didik di MA Nawa Kartika Sekuro serta menganalisis faktor pendukung dan penghambat pelaksanaannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi selama dua bulan Mei-Juni. Data dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif Miles, Huberman, dan Saldaña yang meliputi kondensasi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan dan verifikasi kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan tazkiyah al-nafs diimplementasikan melalui pembiasaan salat Dhuha berjamaah, tadarus Al-Qur'an, doa bersama, budaya 3S (Senyum, Salam, dan Sapa), muhasabah, serta keteladanan guru. Pembinaan karakter berlangsung melalui proses takhalli, tahalli, dan tajalli yang tercermin dalam pengendalian diri, empati, toleransi, komunikasi santun, kerja sama, dan kepedulian sosial. Implementasi tersebut didukung oleh komitmen kepala madrasah, keteladanan guru, budaya religius, konsistensi program pembiasaan, hubungan harmonis antara guru dan peserta didik, serta kerja sama dengan orang tua. Hambatan yang ditemukan meliputi perbedaan latar belakang keluarga, pengaruh lingkungan pergaulan, penggunaan media sosial yang kurang bijak, dan keragaman karakter peserta didik. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tazkiyah al-nafs dapat menjadi pendekatan preventif dalam pembinaan karakter anti-bullying melalui internalisasi nilai spiritual dan akhlak dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.