DETEKSI DINI GANGGUAN TINGKAH LAKU PADA ANAK DENGAN CDRS TEACHER AND PARENT DI KOTA DENPASAR

Abstract

Conduct disorder in children is a mental health problem that often remains undetected at an early stage despite its long-term consequences for social functioning, academic performance, and psychological development. The limited use of systematic assessment and reliance on subjective observation in school settings may contribute to the underdetection of cases during the early stages. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of conduct disorder among elementary school students using a multi-informant screening approach. A descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study was conducted among 261 students in grades 4–6 at SD 3 Saraswati Denpasar using total sampling. Assessment was performed using the Indonesian version of the Conduct Disorder Rating Scale (CDRS), completed by both parents and teachers. Data were analyzed descriptively by presenting the frequency and proportion of conduct disorder identified based on parent- and teacher-reported CDRS assessments. The results showed that 6.53% of students were identified as having conduct disorder, with differences in the number of cases identified by teachers and parents, reflecting contextual variations in children’s behavior. These findings indicate that conduct disorder is a clinically relevant problem that may remain underrecognized in the absence of systematic screening. The study concludes that the use of standardized instruments with a multi-informant approach may enhance the sensitivity of early detection and is relevant for integration into school-based mental health services. These findings also highlight the importance of integrating education and mental health policies to prevent the progression of behavioral problems from an early age.

ABSTRAK

Gangguan tingkah laku pada anak merupakan masalah kesehatan jiwa yang sering tidak terdeteksi secara dini meskipun memiliki konsekuensi jangka panjang terhadap fungsi sosial, akademik, dan perkembangan psikologis. Keterbatasan identifikasi berbasis observasi subjektif di lingkungan sekolah menyebabkan rendahnya deteksi kasus pada fase awal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi prevalensi gangguan tingkah laku pada anak sekolah dasar menggunakan pendekatan skrining berbasis multi-informan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang (cross-sectional) pada 261 siswa kelas 4–6 di SD 3 Saraswati Denpasar dengan teknik total sampling. Pengukuran dilakukan menggunakan Conduct Disorder Rating Scale (CDRS) versi Indonesia yang diisi oleh orang tua dan guru. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan menyajikan frekuensi dan proporsi kejadian gangguan tingkah laku berdasarkan hasil penilaian CDRS orang tua dan guru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 6,53% siswa teridentifikasi mengalami gangguan tingkah laku, dengan perbedaan jumlah kasus antara penilaian guru dan orang tua yang mencerminkan variasi konteks perilaku anak. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa gangguan tingkah laku merupakan fenomena klinis yang nyata namun berpotensi terabaikan tanpa pendekatan skrining yang sistematis. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan instrumen terstandar dengan pendekatan multi-informan meningkatkan sensitivitas deteksi dini dan relevan untuk diintegrasikan dalam layanan kesehatan mental berbasis sekolah. Implikasi penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya integrasi kebijakan pendidikan dan kesehatan mental untuk mencegah progresivitas gangguan sejak usia dini.