PERILAKU BUNUH DIRI: INJEKSI PESTISIDA PADA PASIEN ANAK DENGAN SKIZOFRENIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/paedagogy.v4i1.2864Keywords:
Childhood Onset Schizofrenia, Pola Asuh, Injeksi Pestisida, Perilaku bunuh diriAbstract
This research is qualitative research using a case study approach combining observational study and biographical study. A 13 year old girl, NTT domiciled in Bali, 2nd grade junior high school education, not married, not yet working. The patient was diagnosed with Paranoid Schizophrenia, AKI Stage Failure pro HD cito ec Paraquat Intoxication, Secondary hepatic injury, subcutaneous emphysema, electrolyte imbalance. complained of shortness of breath and it was getting worse, there were air bubbles under the skin on the patient's neck, the patient had had an intramuscular injection of pesticide on the right upper arm I week before entering the hospital. The parents did not know about this, so they were only taken to a health care center after 1 week after the patient injected himself with pesticide. Schizophrenia in children consists of early onset schizophrenia and childhood onset schizophrenia, which is a rare chronic neurodevelopmental disease, but can disrupt children's growth and development and cognitive function. The mechanism for the development of childhood schizophrenia is a combination of genetic, environmental and psychosocial factors. Diagnosis of schizophrenia in children requires careful history taking and evaluation of personal and family history because it is prone to misdiagnosis with autism or other developmental diseases. Until now, the criteria for diagnosing childhood schizophrenia use the same DSM-5 criteria as adult schizophrenia. Treatment for schizophrenia in children includes antipsychotics, ECT, and psychoeducation. It should be noted that children are at higher risk of experiencing side effects from antipsychotics, so periodic evaluations should be carried out to assess the effectiveness and side effects of the drug. In addition, child schizophrenia patients, especially those experiencing symptoms of psychosis, are at higher risk of attempting suicide compared to other age groups, so pharmacotherapy and non-pharmacotherapy support in the form of support from the surrounding environment is needed to support children's lives.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif melalui pendekatan studi kasus menggabungkan antara studi observasi dan studi biografi. Seorang anak perempuan 13 Tahun, NTT domisili Bali, Pendidikan SMP kelas 2, belum menikah, belum bekerja. Pasien didiagnosa dengan Skizofrenia Paranoid, AKI Stage Failure pro HD cito ec Intoksikasi Paraquat, Secondary hepatic injury, emfisema subkutis, imbalance elektrolite. mengeluh sesak dan semakin memberat, terdapat gelembung udara di bawah kulit yang ada di leher pasien, pasien pernah melakukan injeksi pestisida secara intramuskur pada lengan atas bagian kanan I Minggu sebelum masuk Rumah Sakit. Kedua orang tua tidak mengetahui akan hal tersebut sehingga baru dibawa ke pusat pelayanan kesehatan setelah 1 minggu berselang sejak pasien menginjeksi dirinya dengan pestisida. Skizofrenia pada anak terdiri atas early onset schizophrenia dan childhood onset schizophrenia merupakan penyakit neurodevelopmental kronis langka, namun dapat mengganggu tumbuh kembang dan fungsi kognitif anak. Mekanisme perkembangan skizofrenia anak merupakan kombinasi antara faktor genetik, lingkungan, dan psikososial. Diagnosis skizofrenia pada anak memerlukan ketelitian dalam anamnesis dan evaluasi riwayat pribadi dan keluarga karena rentan terjadi kesalahan diagnosis dengan gangguan autisme atau penyakit perkembangan lainnya. Hingga saat ini, kriteria diagnosis skizofrenia anak menggunakan kriteria DSM-5 yang sama dengan skizofrenia dewasa. Terapi skizofrenia pada anak mencakup antipsikotik, ECT, dan psikoedukasi. Perlu diperhatikan bahwa anak-anak berisiko lebih tinggi untuk mengalami efek samping dari antipsikotik, sehingga evaluasi berkala sebaiknya dilakukan untuk menilai efektivitas dan efek samping obat. Selain itu, pasien skizofrenia anak, terutama yang mengalami gejala psikosis, berisiko tinggi untuk melakukan percobaan bunuh diri dibandingkan kelompok usia lainnya, sehingga dukungan farmakoterapi dan non-farmakoterapi berupa dukungan dari lingkungan sekitar diperlukan untuk menunjang kehidupan anak.
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