SEMANGAT WIRAUSAHA DAN PERAN GURU SMK: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/learning.v6i4.14482Keywords:
Pendidikan Kewirausahaan, Peran Guru, Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan, Penciptaan NilaiAbstract
Entrepreneurship education in Vocational High Schools (SMKs) plays an important role in fostering students' economic independence and readiness to create business opportunities. However, its implementation still faces several challenges, including limitations in teaching methods, teacher competence, and support from the educational ecosystem. This study aims to identify entrepreneurship teaching methods used by SMK teachers, examine teacher competencies and instructional approaches that support the development of an entrepreneurial mindset, and analyze relevant entrepreneurship education outcomes for vocational school graduates. This study employed a systematic literature review approach by examining articles published between 2023 and 2026. The initial search identified 20 articles, which were subsequently screened based on their relevance to the research focus and research questions, resulting in 6 articles included in the final synthesis. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis and content analysis through data reduction, thematic categorization, and interpretation. The synthesis results indicate that the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education in SMKs is associated with the quality of teaching methods, teacher competence and roles, the implementation of experiential learning, value creation, entrepreneurial mindset, and support from the educational ecosystem. Students' engagement in authentic entrepreneurial experiences, the development of value-creation capabilities, and actual venture creation also emerged as more concrete outcomes than merely measuring entrepreneurial intention. This study concludes that strengthening teacher competence, implementing experiential learning, and enhancing collaboration between schools and relevant stakeholders are important for improving the quality of entrepreneurship education in SMKs.
ABSTRAK
Pendidikan kewirausahaan di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) berperan penting dalam membangun kemandirian ekonomi dan kesiapan murid untuk menciptakan peluang usaha. Namun, pelaksanaannya masih menghadapi kendala berupa keterbatasan metode pembelajaran, kompetensi guru, dan dukungan ekosistem pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi metode pembelajaran kewirausahaan yang digunakan guru SMK, mengkaji kompetensi dan pendekatan pengajaran yang mendukung pola pikir kewirausahaan, serta menganalisis outcome pendidikan kewirausahaan yang relevan bagi lulusan SMK. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan systematic literature review dengan menelusuri artikel yang diterbitkan pada rentang 2023–2026. Penelusuran awal menghasilkan 20 artikel, kemudian dilakukan proses seleksi berdasarkan relevansi dengan fokus penelitian dan pertanyaan penelitian sehingga diperoleh 6 artikel yang digunakan dalam sintesis akhir. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik dan analisis konten melalui reduksi data, kategorisasi tema, dan interpretasi. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas pendidikan kewirausahaan di SMK berkaitan dengan kualitas metode pembelajaran, kompetensi dan peran guru, penerapan pembelajaran berbasis pengalaman, penciptaan nilai, entrepreneurial mindset, serta dukungan ekosistem pendidikan. Keterlibatan murid dalam pengalaman kewirausahaan nyata, pengembangan kemampuan menciptakan nilai, dan penciptaan usaha juga muncul sebagai outcome yang lebih konkret dibandingkan dengan hanya mengukur niat berwirausaha. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penguatan kompetensi guru, penerapan pembelajaran berbasis pengalaman, dan kolaborasi sekolah dengan pemangku kepentingan merupakan aspek penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan kewirausahaan di SMK.
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