PENGALAMAN BELAJAR SEBAGAI PROSES PEMBENTUKAN DIRI PADA ANAK RENTAN: STUDI FENOMENOLOGI DALAM PERSPEKTIF KONSELING KOMUNITAS

Authors

  • Moh. Fadhlan Adzaky Universitas Negeri Semarang
  • Zakki Nurul Amin Universitas Negeri Semarang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51878/learning.v6i4.13673

Keywords:

anak rentan, pengalaman belajar, pembentukan diri, fenomenologi, konseling komunitas

Abstract

Vulnerable children often encounter social, economic, and environmental challenges that shape their learning experiences and influence their process of self-formation. Previous studies have primarily focused on educational access and the determinants of vulnerability, while limited attention has been given to understanding how vulnerable children construct the meaning of learning through their lived experiences, particularly from a community counseling perspective. This study aimed to explore the lived learning experiences of vulnerable children and examine how these experiences contribute to their process of self-formation. A qualitative phenomenological design was employed involving three purposively selected vulnerable children in Semarang City, Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, and analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña interactive model supported by NVivo software. The findings revealed that learning was perceived as a life process extending beyond formal education, enabling participants to understand themselves, develop personal capabilities, adapt to life challenges, and maintain hope for the future. These learning experiences were constructed through interactions with family, schools, peers, community organizations, and the broader social environment. Social support from these networks emerged as a significant protective factor that strengthened learning motivation and facilitated self-formation, whereas economic hardship, social pressures, and limited educational opportunities remained major barriers. The study concludes that self-formation among vulnerable children develops through socially embedded learning experiences. These findings highlight the importance of community counseling approaches that actively engage families, schools, and community organizations in creating inclusive, supportive, and empowering learning environments for vulnerable children.

ABSTRAK

Anak rentan menghadapi berbagai keterbatasan sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan yang dapat memengaruhi pengalaman belajar serta proses pembentukan diri. Sebagian besar penelitian terdahulu berfokus pada akses pendidikan dan faktor-faktor penyebab kerentanan, sementara pengalaman subjektif anak rentan dalam memaknai belajar sebagai proses pembentukan diri masih terbatas, terutama dalam perspektif konseling komunitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi pengalaman belajar anak rentan dan memahami esensi pembentukan diri yang berkembang melalui pengalaman tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain fenomenologi. Tiga anak rentan di Kota Semarang dipilih secara purposive berdasarkan pengalaman belajar dalam kondisi kerentanan sosial dan ekonomi. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model Miles, Huberman, dan Saldaña dengan bantuan perangkat lunak NVivo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa belajar dimaknai sebagai proses kehidupan yang melampaui aktivitas akademik, yaitu sebagai sarana memahami diri, mengembangkan kemampuan, membangun harapan masa depan, serta beradaptasi dengan berbagai tantangan. Pengalaman belajar terbentuk melalui interaksi dengan keluarga, sekolah, teman sebaya, organisasi, dan komunitas. Dukungan sosial dari lingkungan tersebut menjadi faktor utama yang memperkuat motivasi belajar dan proses pembentukan diri, sedangkan keterbatasan ekonomi, tekanan sosial, dan lingkungan belajar yang kurang mendukung menjadi hambatan yang dihadapi partisipan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pembentukan diri anak rentan merupakan proses yang berlangsung melalui pengalaman belajar dalam konteks sosial. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya konseling komunitas yang melibatkan keluarga, sekolah, dan komunitas sebagai sistem pendukung untuk menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang inklusif, adaptif, dan memberdayakan.

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Published

2026-09-03

How to Cite

Adzaky, M. F., & Amin , Z. N. (2026). PENGALAMAN BELAJAR SEBAGAI PROSES PEMBENTUKAN DIRI PADA ANAK RENTAN: STUDI FENOMENOLOGI DALAM PERSPEKTIF KONSELING KOMUNITAS. LEARNING : Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 6(4), 3350–3370. https://doi.org/10.51878/learning.v6i4.13673

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