TINGKAT KECEMASAN PEDIATRIK SEBELUM PEMERIKSAAN RADIOGRAFI KONVENSIONAL DI INSTALASI RADIOLOGI RUMAH SAKIT GUNAWAN MANGUNKUSUMO AMBARAWA

Abstract

Anxiety is a vague sense of fear accompanied by feelings of uncertainty, lack of confidence, isolation, and insecurity. It is an emotional condition not tied to a specific object but triggered by the unknown, often accompanying new experiences (Stuart, 2016). This study aims to investigate the anxiety levels of pediatric patients before conventional radiographic examinations in the Radiology Department of RSUD (Regional General Hospital) dr. Gunawan Mangunkusumo in Ambarawa, as well as the factors that influence their anxiety. This study employed a descriptive quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach, conducted in the Radiology Department of RSUD dr. Gunawan Mangunkusumo from April to May 2025. Data were collected through questionnaires and documentation, involving 26 children aged 10–18 years who underwent radiographic examinations and consented to participate. The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions using a Likert scale of 1–4 (1= Not Anxious, 4= Very Anxious). The null hypothesis (H0) stated that pediatric patients experienced no anxiety, while the alternative hypothesis (Ha) stated that pediatric patients experienced anxiety. Results: The findings showed that most respondents (92.3%) experienced very high levels of anxiety, with an average anxiety score of 32.70 out of a maximum of 40 (81.75%), a median of 35.50, and a standard deviation of 7.724. The Shapiro–Wilk normality test indicated that the data were normally distributed (p = 0.483). Therefore, a one-sample t-test was performed, which produced significant results (p < 0.05), indicating that children’s anxiety levels were statistically above the normal standard. These findings are consistent with a study by Andria Pragholapati et al. (2019) at the Emergency Department of RSUD Majalaya, which also found that most children experienced anxiety due to restricted activity and environmental changes. High levels of anxiety in pediatric patients before radiographic examinations are not solely caused by a lack of knowledge about the procedure. Children often perceive the dark, enclosed examination room, along with the large and noisy equipment, as frightening, especially for those undergoing the procedure for the first time. Therefore, creating a more child-friendly and comfortable environment is essential to help reduce their anxiety.

ABSTRAK
Kecemasan merupakan rasa takut yang tidak jelas, disertai perasaan tidak yakin, tidak percaya diri, terisolasi, dan tidak aman. Kondisi ini sering dialami anak-anak ketika menghadapi pengalaman baru, termasuk saat pemeriksaan radiologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kecemasan pasien pediatrik sebelum pemeriksaan radiografi konvensional di Instalasi Radiologi RSUD dr. Gunawan Mangunkusumo Ambarawa serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, dilaksanakan pada April–Mei 2025. Responden berjumlah 26 anak usia 10–18 tahun yang bersedia mengikuti penelitian. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner 10 pertanyaan berskala Likert 1–4 (1 = Tidak Cemas, 4 = Sangat Cemas) serta dokumentasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden (92,3%) mengalami kecemasan sangat tinggi dengan rata-rata skor 32,70 dari total maksimal 40 (81,75%), median 35,50, dan standar deviasi 7,724. Uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk (p = 0,483) menunjukkan data berdistribusi normal, dan uji one-sample t-test menghasilkan nilai signifikan (p < 0,05), menandakan kecemasan pasien pediatrik secara statistik lebih tinggi dari standar normal. Faktor utama penyebab kecemasan antara lain ketidaktahuan terhadap prosedur, kesan ruangan gelap dan tertutup, suara alat yang bising, serta kekhawatiran berlebihan terhadap hasil pemeriksaan. Simpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kecemasan anak sebelum pemeriksaan radiografi konvensional tergolong sangat tinggi, sehingga diperlukan strategi pelayanan radiologi yang lebih ramah anak, dengan edukasi pra-pemeriksaan dan suasana ruang yang nyaman untuk menurunkan kecemasan.