KETERAMPILAN TEKNIK DASAR OPEN SPIKE PESERTA EKSTRAKURIKULER BOLAVOLI PUTRA SMA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/cendekia.v5i4.10967Keywords:
Open Spike, Keterampilan Teknik Dasar, Bola Voli, EkstrakurikulerAbstract
ABSTRACT
Volleyball requires good mastery of basic techniques, one of which is the open spike technique as a primary attacking strategy to gain points. This study aimed to determine the level of basic open spike skills among male volleyball extracurricular participants at SMAN 4 Praya in 2025. The study employed a quantitative descriptive approach using a survey method. The sample consisted of 18 participants selected through purposive sampling based on criteria including active participation in training, competition experience, and being free from injury. The research instrument used an open spike skill observation sheet consisting of 20 movement indicators covering the preparation, execution, and landing phases. Data collection was conducted through skill tests and direct observation of participants’ movements. The data were analyzed descriptively using frequency distribution and percentage techniques. The results showed that no participants were categorized as very poor, while the poor and very good categories each consisted of 1 participant (5.56%). A total of 8 participants (44.44%) were in the moderate category, and another 8 participants (44.44%) were in the good category. These findings indicate that the basic open spike skills of male volleyball extracurricular participants at SMAN 4 Praya were generally well developed, although improvements are still needed in movement consistency, jump timing, ball contact quality, and landing technique to optimize spike performance.
ABSTRAK
Permainan bolavoli menuntut penguasaan teknik dasar yang baik, salah satunya teknik open spike sebagai bentuk serangan utama dalam memperoleh poin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keterampilan teknik dasar open spike peserta ekstrakurikuler bolavoli putra SMAN 4 Praya tahun 2025. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode survey. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 18 peserta yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria aktif mengikuti latihan, memiliki pengalaman bertanding, dan tidak mengalami cedera. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar observasi keterampilan open spike yang terdiri atas 20 indikator gerakan meliputi fase awalan, pelaksanaan, dan pendaratan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui tes keterampilan dan observasi langsung terhadap gerakan peserta. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik deskriptif dalam bentuk distribusi frekuensi dan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat peserta pada kategori sangat kurang, sedangkan kategori kurang dan sangat baik masing-masing berjumlah 1 peserta (5,56%). Sebanyak 8 peserta (44,44%) berada pada kategori sedang dan 8 peserta lainnya (44,44%) berada pada kategori baik. Temuan penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa keterampilan teknik dasar open spike peserta ekstrakurikuler bolavoli putra SMAN 4 Praya secara umum telah berkembang cukup baik, tetapi masih memerlukan peningkatan pada aspek konsistensi gerak, ketepatan timing loncatan, kualitas perkenaan bola, dan teknik pendaratan agar performa spike menjadi lebih optimal.
Downloads
References
Addivinola, S., Cereda, F., & Aliberti, S. (2021). Teaching method to improve eye-hand coordination in volleyball serve. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 16(4proc), 1713–1722. https://publicatt.unicatt.it/handle/10807/188867
Amin, H., & Adnan, A. (2020). Studi tentang beberapa komponen kondisi fisik atlet bolavoli SMK Negeri 1 Kota Solok. Jurnal Patriot, 2(1), 266–277. https://doi.org/10.24036/patriot.v2i1.654
Arisandi, T., & Susilawati, I. (2023). Survey tingkat kemampuan teknik dasar bermain bola voli. Journal Sport Science, Health and Tourism of Mandalika (Jontak), 4(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.36312/jontak.v4i1.343
Asnaldi, A. (2020). Meningkatkan keterampilan passing atas bola voli melalui media pembelajaran menggunakan alat bantu. Journal of Physical and Outdoor Education, 2(1), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.37742/jpoe.v2i1.21
Astuti, Y., Erianti, E., Lawanis, H., Orhan, B. E., Ikhlas, A., & Govindasamy, K. (2025). Implementing technical training models to enhance basic volleyball skills in students. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, (63), 1075–1083. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=9957185
Català, J., Moras, G., Toro-Román, V., Buxadé, C. P. C., Tuyà-Viñas, S., & Fernández-Valdés, B. (2025). Analysis of movement variability during the spike jump action in young and high-level female volleyball players: Differences between categories and playing positions. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 10(3), 268. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10030268
Guntur, G., Shahril, M. I., Suhadi, S., Kriswanto, E. S., & Nadzalan, A. M. (2022). The influence of jumping performance and coordination on the spike ability of young volleyball athletes. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports, 26(6), 374–380. https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2022.0603
Gupta, D., Jensen, J. L., & Abraham, L. D. (2021). Biomechanics of hang-time in volleyball spike jumps. Journal of Biomechanics, 121, 110380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110380
Hidayatullah, A. F., & Wahyudi, A. (2023). Analisis keterampilan gerak spike bolavoli pemain junior di Sekolah Bolavoli PERVOPA Patemon tahun 2022. Indonesian Journal for Physical Education and Sport, 4(2), 646–652. https://doi.org/10.15294/inapes.v4i2.56280
Illahi, F., Umar, U., & Setiawan, Y. (2024). Kontribusi daya ledak otot tungkai, daya ledak otot lengan dan koordinasi mata tangan terhadap kemampuan smash open dalam permainan bolavoli KTS Pakandangan. Jurnal Gladiator, 4(4), 1135–1147. https://doi.org/10.24036/gltdor1252011
Keswando, Y., Sistiasih, V. S., & Marsudiyanto, T. (2022). Survei keterampilan teknik dasar atlet bola voli. Jurnal Porkes, 5(1), 168–177. https://doi.org/10.29408/porkes.v5i1.4996
Ketangi, D. L., Broto, D. P., Utami, N. S., & Kurniati, R. (2025). Hubungan daya ledak otot tungkai dengan hasil smash open spike peserta ekstrakurikuler bola voli putri. Indonesian Journal of Sport Science and Technology (IJST), 4(2), 677–683. https://journal.upy.ac.id/index.php/ijst/article/view/9101
Kim, S., Koo, D., & Moon, J. (2025). Biomechanical improvements in performance and injury prevention in volleyball spikes: Effects of a 4-week training program. Scientific Reports. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-31538-5
Lardika, R. A., & Salam, S. (2019). Tinjauan kemampuan keterampilan teknik dasar bola voli pada siswa ekstrakurikuler bola voli SMAN 1 Bunut. Journal of Sport Education (JOPE), 2(1), 24–33. https://doi.org/10.31258/5efxdr03
Miftahudin, I., Nurhidayat, S. P., & Or, M. (2022). Analisis keterampilan smash pada mahasiswa UKM bola voli Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta).
Oliveira, L. D. S., Moura, T. B. M. A., Rodacki, A. L. F., Tilp, M., & Okazaki, V. H. A. (2020). A systematic review of volleyball spike kinematics: Implications for practice and research. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 15(2), 239–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954119899881
Raihanati, E., & Wahyudi, A. (2021). Tingkat keterampilan teknik dasar bermain bolavoli pemain pra junior di Kabupaten Kudus tahun 2020. Indonesian Journal for Physical Education and Sport, 2(1), 222–229. https://doi.org/10.15294/inapes.v2i1.43972
Ruslan, R., Sandy, G., Nurjamal, N., & Ismawan, H. (2021). Effect of service training on drill methods and target methods on improving service skills for volleyball. Competitor, 13(3), 314–329. https://ojs.unm.ac.id/competitor/article/view/21057
Sarvestan, J., Svoboda, Z., & Linduška, P. (2020). Kinematic differences between successful and faulty spikes in young volleyball players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(20), 2314–2320. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1782008
Syamsuryadin, S., Fauzi, F., Hartanto, A., Yachsie, B. T. P. W. B., & Arianto, A. C. (2021). Analisis teknik dasar open smash pada atlet bola voli Kabupaten Sleman. Jurnal MensSana, 6(2), 193–200. https://doi.org/10.24036/MensSana.06022021.21
