DARI LATIHAN KESEIMBANGAN KE PERFORMA OKUPASIONAL: PENGARUH LATIHAN KESEIMBANGAN TERHADAP MOBILITAS FUNGSIONAL LANSIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/cendekia.v6i3.10055Keywords:
Lansia, Keseimbangan, Mobilitas Fungsional, Okupasi TerapiAbstract
ABSTRACT
Decline in balance among older adults is one of the main factors that increases the risk of falls and reduces functional mobility as well as independence in activities of daily living. Balance training in the form of Square Stepping Exercise (SSE) is one of the exercise interventions that has the potential to improve balance and movement coordination in older adults. This study aimed to analyze the effect of SSE balance training on the functional mobility of older adults. The study employed a quantitative pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The sample consisted of 24 older adults selected using a purposive sampling technique. Functional mobility, indicated by balance performance, was measured using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) before and after the intervention. The SSE intervention was administered over 12 sessions within 6 weeks. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed an improvement in balance scores after the intervention, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant effect of SSE balance training on the functional mobility of older adults. In conclusion, SSE balance training is effective in improving balance in older adults and has the potential to enhance functional mobility as well as independence in daily activities.
ABSTRAK
Penurunan keseimbangan pada lansia merupakan salah satu faktor utama yang meningkatkan risiko jatuh dan menurunkan mobilitas fungsional serta kemandirian dalam aktivitas sehari-hari. Latihan keseimbangan berupa Square Stepping Exercise (SSE) merupakan salah satu intervensi latihan yang berpotensi meningkatkan keseimbangan dan koordinasi gerak lansia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh latihan keseimbangan SSE terhadap mobilitas fungsional lansia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif pre-experimental dengan pendekatan one-group pretest-posttest. Sampel berjumlah 24 lansia yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengukuran mobilitas fungsional lansia dengan indikator keseimbangan dilakukan menggunakan instrumen Berg Balance Scale (BBS) sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Intervensi SSE diberikan selama 12 sesi dalam 6 minggu. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon dengan tingkat signifikansi p<0,05. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya peningkatan skor keseimbangan setelah intervensi dengan nilai p=0,000 (p<0,05), yang berarti terdapat pengaruh signifikan pemberian latihan keseimbangan SSE terhadap mobilitas fungsional lansia. Latihan keseimbangan SSE efektif dalam meningkatkan keseimbangan lansia dan berpotensi meningkatkan mobilitas fungsional serta kemandirian dalam aktivitas sehari-hari.
Downloads
References
American Occupational Therapy Association. (2020). Occupational therapy practice framework: Domain and process (4th ed.). American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74(Suppl. 2), 7412410010. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2020.74S2001
Arif, Z., Tanveer, H. M., Bibi, M., Ihtisham, M., Amin, A., & Saleem, S. (2025). Effects of Dual-Task Balance and Gait Training on Fear of Falling and Functional Independence in Older Adults: A Randomised Controlled Trial. The Healer Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5(2), 467-474. https://doi.org/10.55735/gpw2fj74
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Statistik penduduk lanjut usia 2023. BPS RI. https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2023/12/29/5d308763ac29278dd5860fad/statistik-penduduk-lanjut-usia-2023.html
Bestari, N. P., & Yuliadarwati, N. M. (2022). Literature Review: The Effect of Square Stepping Exercise on Dynamic Balance Levels in Reducing The Risk of Falling in the Elderly. Jurnal Keperawatan Dan Fisioterapi (JKF), 5(1), 179–189. https://doi.org/10.35451/jkf.v5i1.1413
Choi, S., & Lee, J. (2025). Effects of resistance exercise programs on older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Exerc Rehabil. 21(4), 182-189. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.2550362.181
Febriawan, D. M. G., Dewi, S. R.., & Suryaningsih, Y. (2025). Efektifitas Square Stepping Exercise Terhadap Penurunan Risiko Jatuh Lansia. ASSYIFA: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 3(1), 31–38. https://assyifa.forindpress.com/index.php/assyifa/article/view/130
Franco-García, J. M., Carlos-Vivas, J., Castillo-Paredes, A., Mayordomo-Pinilla, N., Rojo-Ramos, J., & Pérez-Gómez, J. (2024). Impacts of square stepping exercise on physical-cognitive function, biomarkers, body composition and mental health in older adults: A systematic review. Healthcare, 12(23), 2325. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12232325
Franco-García, J. M., Pérez-Gómez, J., Castillo-Paredes, A., Redondo, P. C., Rojo-Ramos, J., Mayordomo-Pinilla, N., ... & Carlos-Vivas, J. (2025). Effects of twelve weeks of square stepping exercises on physical and cognitive function and plasma content of SMP30: a randomised control trial. Geriatrics, 10(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics10010022
Fränzel, K., Koschate, J., Freiberger, E., Shigematsu, R., Zieschang, T., & Tietgen, S. (2024). Square-stepping exercise in older inpatients in early geriatric rehabilitation: A randomized controlled pilot study. BMC Geriatrics, 24(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-04932-3
Kaewjoho, C., Poncumhak, P., Manoy, P., Ladawan, S., Khamnon, N. (2025). Effect of Soft Surface Stepping Exercise on Physical Activity Among Community-Dwelling Elderly: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Rehabil Med. 49(2):91-103. https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.240119
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2023). Profil kesehatan Indonesia 2023. Kemenkes RI. https://kemkes.go.id/id/profil-kesehatan-indonesia-2023
Mao, Q., Zhang, J., Yu, L., Zhao, Y., Luximon, Y., Wang, H. (2024). Effectiveness of sensor-based interventions in improving gait and balance performance in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 21(1):85. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-024-01375-0
Muir-Hunter, S. W., & Wittwer, J. E. (2020). Dual-task testing to predict falls in community-dwelling older adults. Geriatrics, 5(3), 60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2015.04.011
Özel, A., Yümin, E. T., & Konuk, S. (2025). Comparative effects of square-stepping and strengthening exercises on cognitive and balance functions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized clinical trial. PeerJ, 13, e19792. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19792
Puspitosari, A., & Nurhidayah, N. (2025). Pengaruh aerobik intensitas ringan terhadap risiko jatuh lansia berdasarkan skor Time Up and Go. Jurnal Terapi Wicara dan Bahasa, 3(2), 257-265. https://doi.org/10.59686/jtwb.v3i2.166
Segita, R. (2025). Dynamic balance improvement among the elderly through square stepping exercise. Journal of Community Health Sciences 5(1) 37-42. https://doi.org/10.47679/jchs.202592
Segita, R., Munawarah, S., & Olyverdi, R. (2024). Pengaruh pemberian square stepping exercis terhadap keseimbangan dinamis lansia (The effect of giving square stepping exercises on the dynamic balance of the elderly). Indonesia Berdaya, 6(1), 85-90. https://doi.org/10.47679/ib.2025987
Sherrington, C., Fairhall, N., Wallbank, G., Tiedemann, A., Michaleff, Z. A., Howard, K., ... & Lamb, S. (2020). Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community: an abridged Cochrane systematic review. British journal of sports medicine, 54(15), 885-891. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-101512
Siqueira, V. A. A. A., Shigematsu, R., & Sebastião, E. (2024). Stepping towards health: A scoping review of square-stepping exercise protocols and outcomes in older adults. BMC Geriatrics, 24, 590. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-05187-8
Wang, Y. H., Liu, Y. H., Yang, Y. R., & Wang, R. Y. (2021). Effects of square-stepping exercise on motor and cognitive function in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Experimental Gerontology, 42(6), 1583-1593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.10.022
World Health Organization. (2021). Decade of healthy ageing: Baseline report. WHO. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240017900
World Health Organization. (2022). Falls prevention in older age. WHO. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/falls
Yumlembam, M., Shetty, K. S., Ravichandran, H., Nambiar, A., Vavachan, N., Shetty, A., & Bangera, N. S. (2025). Does square-stepping exercise improve balance in unilateral middle cerebral artery stroke survivors? A randomized controlled clinical trial. Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy, 30(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43161-025-00285-z
Zhang, S., Qian, G., & Xu, H. (2025). Effects of different exercise modalities on balance performance in healthy older adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Geriatr ,25, 570. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-06212-0
