PRAKTIK GACHA DALAM GAME ONLINE PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM: ANALISIS HADIS TERHADAP UNSUR GHARAR DAN MAISIR

Abstract

The gacha practice in online games is a growing digital transaction phenomenon that has sparked serious debate in Islamic law. This study aims to analyze the gacha practice from the perspective of Islamic law, particularly through hadith analysis of the elements of gharar (uncertainty) and maisir (speculation/gambling), and to examine their implications within fiqh muamalah and maqashid shariah. This study employs a qualitative method using a library research approach. Primary data were obtained from the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in authoritative hadith collections, while secondary data were drawn from books on muamalah fiqh, Islamic economics, and SINTA-accredited scientific journals published between 2021 and 2026. Data analysis was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. The results indicate that the gacha system contains elements of gharar, evidenced by uncertainty regarding the object of contract, quality, value, and benefit of the transaction. Furthermore, the gacha system contains elements of maisir, reflected in the dominance of luck, imbalance between cost and benefit, and compulsive consumption patterns triggered by the near miss effect. Both elements coexist and mutually reinforce each other within a single transaction. Within the framework of fiqh muamalah and maqashid shariah, gacha practices potentially contradict the principles of hifz al-mal and hifz al-aql, leading the majority of Islamic scholars to rule it as haram or syubhat that must be avoided.

ABSTRAK

Praktik gacha dalam game online merupakan fenomena transaksi digital yang terus berkembang dan menimbulkan perdebatan serius dalam perspektif hukum Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis praktik gacha berdasarkan perspektif hukum Islam, khususnya melalui analisis hadis terhadap unsur gharar (ketidakjelasan) dan maisir (spekulasi/perjudian), serta meninjau implikasinya dalam fikih muamalah dan maqashid syariah. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan kepustakaan (library research). Data primer bersumber dari hadis-hadis Nabi saw. dalam kitab hadis mu'tabar, sedangkan data sekunder bersumber dari buku fikih muamalah, ekonomi syariah, dan jurnal ilmiah terakreditasi SINTA terbitan 2021–2026. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif-analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem gacha mengandung unsur gharar karena terpenuhinya indikator ketidakjelasan objek akad, kualitas, nilai, dan manfaat transaksi. Selain itu, sistem gacha juga mengandung unsur maisir yang tampak pada dominasi faktor keberuntungan, ketimpangan antara biaya dan manfaat, serta pola konsumsi kompulsif akibat efek near miss. Kedua unsur ini hadir secara bersamaan dan saling memperkuat dalam satu transaksi. Dalam bingkai fikih muamalah dan maqashid syariah, praktik gacha berpotensi bertentangan dengan prinsip hifz al-mal dan hifz al-’aql, sehingga mayoritas ulama menghukuminya haram atau syubhat yang wajib dihindari.