PENGARUH PENDEKATAN WHOLE LANGUAGE TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA INDONESIA PADA SISWA KELAS V SD

Abstract

Reading and comprehending fiction texts are important components of Indonesian language learning in elementary schools because they support students' ability to identify information, understand text content, and recognize story elements. However, learning practices dominated by conventional methods may limit student engagement and result in suboptimal learning achievement. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Whole Language approach on the Indonesian language learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at SDN Kludan, Tanggulangin District, Sidoarjo Regency, particularly in learning fiction texts. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The sample consisted of 54 students, including 27 students in the experimental class and 27 students in the control class. The research instruments included a learning achievement test and a student activity observation sheet. Data were analyzed through validity, reliability, normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis testing using an Independent Samples t-test. The results showed that the mean posttest score of the experimental class was 85.04, which was higher than that of the control class (71.37). The Independent Samples t-test indicated a statistically significant difference between the two groups (t(52) = −15.300, p < .001). Furthermore, student activity reached 87%, which was categorized as very active. Therefore, the implementation of the Whole Language approach significantly affected the Indonesian language learning outcomes of fifth-grade elementary school students.

ABSTRAK

Keterampilan membaca dan memahami teks fiksi merupakan bagian penting dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di sekolah dasar karena mendukung kemampuan siswa dalam menemukan informasi, memahami isi bacaan, dan mengidentifikasi unsur-unsur cerita. Namun, pembelajaran yang masih didominasi metode konvensional dapat menyebabkan keterlibatan siswa rendah sehingga capaian hasil belajar belum optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan pendekatan Whole Language terhadap hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas V SDN Kludan Kecamatan Tanggulangin Kabupaten Sidoarjo pada materi teks cerita fiksi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis quasi experiment dan desain Non equivalent Control Group Design. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 54 siswa yang terdiri atas 27 siswa kelas eksperimen dan 27 siswa kelas kontrol. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes hasil belajar dan lembar observasi keaktifan siswa. Analisis data meliputi uji validitas, reliabilitas, normalitas, homogenitas, dan uji hipotesis menggunakan Independent Sample t-Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata nilai posttest kelas eksperimen sebesar 85,04, lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas kontrol sebesar 71,37. Hasil uji Independent Sample t-Test menunjukkan nilai t(52) = -15,300 dengan Sig. (2-tailed) < 0,001, yang menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Selain itu, hasil observasi menunjukkan tingkat keaktifan siswa mencapai 87% dengan kategori sangat aktif. Dengan demikian, penerapan pendekatan Whole Language berpengaruh signifikan terhadap hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas V SDN Kludan.