DINAMIKA SPASIAL PERUBAHAN TUTUPAN LAHAN DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) MOLAWE KABUPATEN KONAWE UTARA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/knowledge.v5i4.7491Keywords:
Deforestasi, Perubahan tutupan lahan, DAS MolaweAbstract
ABSTRACT
Rapid land-cover change has become a critical issue in environmental management, particularly in regions experiencing high pressure from human activities. The Molawe Watershed is one such area undergoing intensive land conversion driven by the expansion of plantations and mining. This study aims to analyze land-cover change dynamics in the Molawe Watershed for the years 2009, 2014, 2019, and 2024, and to identify the dominant forms of land conversion. The analysis employed Sentinel-2 imagery using supervised classification, accuracy assessment with the kappa coefficient, and spatial change overlay. The results indicate a decline in primary and secondary dryland forests by 220.71 ha and 1,628.75 ha, respectively. Conversely, plantation areas expanded from 3,575.75 ha to 4,091.47 ha, while mining areas increased substantially from 42.38 ha to 1,084.35 ha. Growth in shrubland and a slight increase in water bodies reflect landscape modifications resulting from land-use conversion. The kappa accuracy value of 88.89% demonstrates the high reliability of the classification outputs. Overall, these findings highlight that forest conversion into plantation and mining areas poses significant risks to the ecological stability of the Molawe Watershed. Strengthening conservation-oriented land-use policies and sustainable land management practices is essential to mitigate further environmental degradation.
ABSTRAK
Perubahan tutupan lahan yang berlangsung cepat menjadi persoalan penting dalam pengelolaan lingkungan, terutama di wilayah yang mengalami tekanan tinggi akibat aktivitas manusia. DAS Molawe merupakan salah satu kawasan yang menghadapi konversi lahan intensif akibat ekspansi perkebunan dan pertambangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dinamika perubahan tutupan lahan di DAS Molawe pada periode 2009, 2014, 2019, dan 2024 serta mengidentifikasi bentuk konversi yang terjadi. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan citra Sentinel-2 melalui klasifikasi terbimbing, uji akurasi menggunakan koefisien kappa, dan overlay perubahan spasial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan luas hutan lahan kering primer dan sekunder masing-masing sebesar 220,71 ha dan 1.628,75 ha. Sebaliknya, terjadi ekspansi signifikan pada sektor perkebunan dari 3.575,75 ha menjadi 4.091,47 ha serta pertambangan dari 42,38 ha menjadi 1.084,35 ha. Peningkatan semak belukar serta sedikit bertambahnya tubuh air mencerminkan perubahan lansekap akibat alih fungsi lahan. Nilai akurasi kappa sebesar 88,89% menunjukkan bahwa hasil klasifikasi memiliki reliabilitas tinggi. Secara keseluruhan, temuan ini menegaskan bahwa konversi hutan menuju perkebunan dan pertambangan berpotensi mengganggu stabilitas ekosistem DAS Molawe. Penguatan kebijakan konservasi dan pengelolaan lahan berkelanjutan diperlukan untuk menekan laju kerusakan lingkungan.
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