ANALISIS CEMARAN BAKTERI COLIFORM PADA JAJANAN SEKITAR KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MAKASSAR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/knowledge.v5i3.6740Keywords:
Coliform, Escherichia Coli, MPN, TPC, Mikroba KontaminanAbstract
ABSTRACT
The safety of street food around university campuses is a growing concern due to potential contamination by pathogenic microorganisms, particularly coliform bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of popular street foods consumed by students around Universitas Negeri Makassar using the Total Plate Count (TPC) and Most Probable Number (MPN) methods. Six food samples were collected purposively and tested in the Science Education Laboratory at UNM in April 2025. TPC method was applied to determine the total number of microorganisms, while MPN method was applied to detect coliforms through presumptive, confirmed, and completed tests. TPC results showed that 4 out of 6 samples (66.66%) exceeded the maximum limit set by Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7388:2019), indicating potential food safety risks. The MPN test revealed that 5 of 6 samples tested positive for coliforms, with values ranging from 460 to >1100 MPN/gram, far above the acceptable limit of ?3 MPN/gram. Confirmation tests using Eosin Methylene Blue Agar identified Escherichia coli with metallic green sheen colonies in 2 samples, and Enterobacter spp. in 3 samples with purple colonies. Gram staining results confirmed all isolates were Gram-negative rods, consistent with coliform characteristics. These findings indicate a significant risk of microbiological contamination in street foods commonly consumed around the campus. The presence of fecal indicator bacteria such as E. coli reflects poor hygiene in food handling and environmental sanitation. Strengthening food safety education among food vendors and regular monitoring by relevant authorities is essential to protect public health, especially in academic settings.
ABSTRAK
Keamanan jajanan siap saji di sekitar lingkungan kampus menjadi perhatian serius karena potensi kontaminasi mikroorganisme patogen, khususnya bakteri coliform. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas mikrobiologis jajanan populer yang dikonsumsi oleh mahasiswa di sekitar Kampus Universitas Negeri Makassar dengan menggunakan metode Total Plate Count (TPC) dan Most Probable Number (MPN). Sebanyak enam sampel makanan dikumpulkan secara purposif dan diuji di Laboratorium Pendidikan IPA UNM pada April 2025. Metode TPC digunakan untuk menentukan jumlah total mikroorganisme, sedangkan metode MPN digunakan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan coliform melalui uji presumtif, konfirmasi, dan uji pelengkap. Hasil TPC menunjukkan bahwa 4 dari 6 sampel (66,66%) melebihi batas maksimum yang ditetapkan oleh Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI 7388:2019), yang mengindikasikan risiko terhadap keamanan pangan. Uji MPN menunjukkan bahwa 5 dari 6 sampel positif mengandung coliform, dengan nilai berkisar antara 460 hingga >1100 MPN/gram, jauh melebihi batas aman ?3 MPN/gram. Uji konfirmasi menggunakan media Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) menunjukkan adanya Escherichia coli dengan koloni berwarna hijau metalik pada 2 sampel, serta Enterobacter spp. dengan koloni ungu pada 3 sampel lainnya. Uji pewarnaan Gram menunjukkan bahwa semua isolat merupakan bakteri Gram-negatif berbentuk batang, sesuai karakteristik coliform. Temuan ini menunjukkan adanya risiko tinggi kontaminasi mikrobiologis pada jajanan yang umum dikonsumsi di sekitar kampus. Kehadiran bakteri indikator fekal seperti E. coli mencerminkan buruknya sanitasi dan penanganan makanan. Diperlukan edukasi keamanan pangan kepada pedagang serta pengawasan rutin dari pihak terkait untuk melindungi kesehatan masyarakat, khususnya civitas akademika.
Downloads
References
Agnes, R., Hidayanti, L., & Sinta, N. P. (2024). Pemeriksaan Most Probable Number ( Mpn ) Pada Air Minum Isi Ulang Gratis Di Kotawaringin Barat. Journal Borneo Cendekia, 8(1), 91–101. https://journal.stikesborneocendekiamedika.ac.id/index.php/jbc/article/view/531/390
Asril, M., Rini, I. A., Rismawati, R., Yuspiah, E. F., Ananta, M. I., Ivanka, T., Agustin, R., & Putri, A. N. (2023). Assessment of Bacterial Contaminants Associated With Hygiene Behavior in Thai Tea Sold on the Roadside Around Educational Area, Lampung, Indonesia. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan, 15(3), 183–195. https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v15i3.2023.183-195
Badan Standard Nasional. (2009). SNI 7388?: 2009 Maximum limit of heavy metal contamination in food. Standar Nasional Indonesia, 17.
Cappuccino, J., & Welsh, C. (2018). Microbiology, a laboratory manual. In Pearson Education Limited.
Feleni, U., Morare, R., Masunga, G. S., Magwaza, N., Saasa, V., Madito, M. J., & Managa, M. (2025). Recent developments in waterborne pathogen detection technologies. In Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (Vol. 197, Issue 3). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-13644-z
Jamilatun, M., & Safitri, E. N. (2023). Analysis of Total Plate Count (TPC) in Pukis Cakes Sold in Traditional Markets. Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific, 2(4), 1443–1448.
Jufri, E. S., & Rahman, I. (2022). Analisis Cemaran Bakteri Coliform Pada Minuman Jajanan Dengan Metode MPN (Most Probable Number). Journal Syifa Sciences and Clinical Research, 4(1), 162–172. https://doi.org/10.37311/jsscr.v4i1.13595
Khan, M. M., Islam, M. T., Chowdhury, M. M. H., & Alim, S. R. (2015). Assessment of microbiological quality of some drinks sold in the streets of Dhaka university campus in Bangladesh. International Journal of Food Contamination, 2(1), 0–4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40550-015-0010-6
Maulidina, R., Marlina, E. T., & Utama, D. T. (2023). Kualitas Mikroba Produk Olahan Daging yang Dijual Secara Daring Dari UMKM di Kota Bandung. Jurnal Teknologi Hasil Peternakan, 4(2), 83–100. https://doi.org/10.24198/jthp.v4i2.47313
Mayanti, L., Rahayu, Y. P., Lubis, M. S., & Yuniarti, R. (2023). Analisis Cemaran Bakteri Coliform pada Saus Jajanan di Sekitar Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan di Kota Medan. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences, 6(3), 1282–1289. https://doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com.v6i3.206
Meiliana, M., Widodo, N. S., & Safari, W. F. (2022). Nilai total plate count (TPC) pada makanan jajanan kaki lima di sekitar Universitas Binawan. Journal of Innovative Food Technology and Agricultural Product (JITAP), 1(2), 6–10. https://doi.org/10.187032/JITAP.08.1.67-72
Nisaa, R. (2020). Calculation Of Coliform Number Using Most Probable Number (MPN) Methods On Soy Milk Sold in Pogot Area Of Surabaya. Journal of Stem Cell Research and Tissue Engineering, 4(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.20473/jscrte.v4i1.21591
Ritonga, I. Y., Sri Rahayu, M., & Sofia, R. (2021). Analisis Cemaran Bakteri Coliform Pada Minuman Es Sirup Menggunakan Metode Most Probable Number (Mpn). Jurnal Kesehatan Almuslim, 2(2), 12–15.
Sa’adah, A., Maherawati, M., Hartanti, L., & Mulyani, S. (2021). Cemaran Mikrobia pada Jajanan Pentol Kuah di Sekitar Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak. FoodTech: Jurnal Teknologi Pangan, 4(2), 72. https://doi.org/10.26418/jft.v4i2.56924
Safitri, L., Achyar, A., & Eriyeni, C. (2024). Literature Review?: Metode Analisis Cemaran Mikroba pada Makanan. Prosiding SEMNASBIO 2024, 4(1), 32–41. https://semnas.biologi.fmipa.unp.ac.id/index.php/prosiding/article/view/900
Suharman, Izzati, N. K., & Himelda, T. A. N. (2023). Analisis Cemaran Mikroba dalam Produk Minuman Sari Kedelai dengan Metode Total Plate Count (TPC). Journal of Innovative Food Technology and Agricultural Product, 01(01), 9–13. https://doi.org/10.31316/jitap.vi.5748
Uliyanti, & Filemon. (2024). Analisis Uji Mpn Bakteri Escherichia Coli Pada Sampel Pangan Jajanan Anak Sekolah (Pjas) Di Kota Pontianak. AGROFOOD: Jurnal Pertanian Dan Pangan, 6(1), 22–34.
