PENGARUH VARIASI KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata L.) TERHADAP WAKTU KEMATIAN CACING Ascaris suum SECARA IN VITRO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/healthy.v6i1.16368Keywords:
Daun Sirsak, Annona muricata L., Antelmintik, Ascaris suumAbstract
Worm infections caused by soil-transmitted helminths are among the most common infections in tropical and subtropical countries with low levels of poverty and sanitation, including Indonesia. The use of synthetic anthelmintic drugs such as pyrantel pamoate has proven effective but it causes side effects ranging from digestive disorders to erratic migration, therefore natural alternatives are needed. Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) contain flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids that have potential as anthelmintics. This study was conducted to determine the effect of various concentrations of soursop leaf extract on the time to death of Ascaris suum in vitro and was conducted at Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Poltekkes Surabaya, in March to April 2026. This laboratory experimental study used a positive control of 0.25% pyrantel pamoate, a negatife control of 0.9% NaCl, and soursop leaf extract at concentrations of 55%, 70%, 85%, and 100%. The parameter observed in this study was the time to death of the worms. Data were analyzed using SPSS software with the Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests, as well as the LT50 and LC50 tests. The results showed that the average time to death at a 55% concentration was 490.31 minutes, at a 70% concentration 187.87 minutes, at an 85% concentration 76 minutes, and at a 100% concentration 63.87 minutes. The positive control showed a time to death of 55.87 minutes, while the negatife control showed 3,652.3 minutes. Statistical analysis showed that the positive control was not significantly different from the 100% soursop leaf extract, this providing an effect equivalent to the positive control of 0.25% pyrantel pamoate and has the potential to be developed as a herbal anthelmintic. The LC50 value was obtained at 85% concentration with an LT50 of 1 hour.
References
Adak, M., & Kumar, P. (2022). Herbal anthelmintic agents: A narrative review. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 42(4), 641–651. https://doi.org/10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2022.04.007
Al-Tameemi, K., & Kabakli, R. (2020). Ascaris lumbricoides: Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 13(4), 8–11. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2020.v13i4.36930
Arahma, N., Fadhilah, N., & Aini, S. (2024). Uji daya aktivitas antelmintik perasan daun pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt) terhadap cacing gelang ayam (Ascaridia galli) secara in vitro. Nutrition and Health Insight, 1(2), 81–86. https://doi.org/10.61975/nhi.v1i2.28
Asfahani, F., Halimatussakdiah, & Amna, U. (2023). Analisis fitokimia ekstrak daun sirsak (Annona muricata Linn.) dari Kota Langsa. QUIMICA: Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Terapan, 4(2), 18–22. https://doi.org/10.33059/jq.v4i2.6530
Benazir, E. R., Syuhada, S., & Sari, D. P. (2021). Uji aktivitas anthelmintik ekstrak etanol rimpang pacing (Costus speciosus (Koen.) Sm.) terhadap cacing tanah (Lumbricus rubellus). Journal Borneo, 1(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.57174/jborn.v1i1.13
Bria, M. (2024). Buku ajar helmintologi kedokteran. Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA Press.
British National Formulary. (2023). British national formulary (BNF 85). BMJ Group and Pharmaceutical Press.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). DPDx: Laboratory identification of parasites of public health concern - ascariasis. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/ascariasis/index.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024a). About Ascaris in pigs. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/sth/about/about-ascaris-in-pigs.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024b). About ascariasis. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/sth/about/ascariasis.html
Dewi, B. A., Wardani, T. S., & Nurhayati, N. (2021). Fitokimia. Pustaka Baru Press.
Dibfiora, R., Situmorang, E. U. M., & Firmansyah, R. D. (2021). Efficacy of shallot (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum) and garlic (Allium sativum) as herbal anthelmintic against Ascaris suum. Journal of Medicine and Health, 3(1), 34–45. https://doi.org/10.28932/jmh.v3i1.3267
Dold, C., & Holland, C. V. (2017). Ascaris and ascariasis. Microbes and Infection, 13(7), 632–637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2010.09.012
Gaikwad, R. B., & Kore, P. S. (2021). Evaluation of in-vitro anthelmintic potential of umbelliferone against Pheretima posthuma. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 12(1), 414–417. https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.12(1).414-17
Hakim, L. (2015). Rempah dan herba kebun-pekarangan rumah masyarakat: Khasiat dan potensi. Diandra Kreatif.
Harnita, N., Musafir, M., & Mulyani, S. (2023). Karakterisasi metabolit sekunder ekstrak n-heksana dari daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.). Jurnal Kolaborasi Sains dan Ilmu Terapan, 2(1), 19–22. https://doi.org/10.69688/juksit.v2i1.27
Hidayat, S. (2023). Dahsyatnya khasiat sirsak. Elex Media Komputindo.
Jha, A. K., & Sit, N. (2022). Extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials using combination of various novel methods: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 119, 579–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.11.019
Joe, W. (2012). Dahsyatnya khasiat sirsak tumpas aneka penyakit. ANDI Offset.
Julianto, T. S. (2019). Fitokimia: Tinjauan metabolit sekunder dan skrining fitokimia. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC.
Karim, S. F., Farida, Y., & Wardani, T. S. (2021). Uji efektivitas anthelmintik ekstrak etanol daun kemangi (Ocimum americanum L.) terhadap cacing gelang (Ascaris lumbricoides) secara in vitro. JPSCR: Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research, 6(3), 254–263. https://doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v6i3.48686
Kartikawati, E., Suhardi, E., & Rahmawati, D. (2023). Uji aktivitas anthelmintik ekstrak etanol daun kucai (Allium tuberosum) terhadap cacing Ascaridia galli secara in vitro. Jurnal Sabdariffarma, 11(1), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.53675/jsfar.v11i1.1059
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2017). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 15 Tahun 2017 tentang Penanggulangan Cacingan. Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2017 Nomor 438.
Lisma, L., Alifariki, L. O., & Kurniati, K. (2024). Fitokimia dan farmakognosi. PT Media Pustaka Indo.
Malik, K., & Dua, A. (2025). Albendazole. StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26778150
Maryam, S., Julaeha, J., & Rahmawati, R. (2018). Uji perbandingan efektivitas daya anthelmintik ekstrak daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) terhadap Ascaris suum dan Ascaridia galli. Jurnal Agrisistem, 14(1), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/agrisistem.v14i1.37
Maslahah, N. (2024). Standar simplisia tanaman obat sebagai bahan sediaan herbal. Warta Standarisasi Industri Tanaman Obat, 2(2), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.55123/wsito.v2i2.102
Moghadamtousi, S. Z., Fadaeinasab, M., Nikzad, S., Mohan, G., Ali, H. M., & Kadir, H. A. (2015). Annona muricata (Annonaceae): A review of its traditional uses, isolated acetogenins and biological activities. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 16(7), 15625–15658. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160715625
Nuraeni, N. S., & Mastura, T. A. (2023). Skrining fitokimia senyawa metabolit sekunder daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) di Kabupaten Majene, Mamuju dan Mamuju Tengah. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Mandar, 3(2), 161–168. https://doi.org/10.51878/jifm.v3i2.161
Nurani, L. H., Edityaningrum, C. A., & Pratiwi, L. (2024). Teknik ekstraksi dan analisis kimia tumbuhan obat. UAD Press.
Nurfadillah, D., Pratiwi, D., & Mulyani, S. (2025). Faktor risiko infeksi Necator americanus (cacing tambang) pada kuku siswa sekolah dasar. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Medika Dr. Suherman, 4(3), 655–667. https://doi.org/10.55123/sehatmas.v4i3.5504
Nurhasanah, N., & Murlina, N. (2020). Perbandingan efektivitas pirantel pamoat dengan albendazol terhadap infeksi soil transmitted helminth pada siswa SD. Jurnal Pandu Husada, 1(4), 226–233. https://doi.org/10.30596/jph.v1i4.5435
Pratama, R. A. (2021). Potensi antihelmintik mangga arumanis (Mangifera indica L.). Jurnal Medika Hutama, 2(2), 497–501. https://doi.org/10.47709/jmh.v2i2.497
Pusarawati, S., Ideham, B., & Kusmartisnawati. (2015). Atlas parasitologi kedokteran. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC.
Putri, J. Y., Nastiti, K., & Hidayah, N. (2023). Pengaruh pelarut etanol 70% dan metanol terhadap kadar flavonoid total ekstrak daun sirsak (Annona muricata Linn). Journal Pharmaceutical Care and Sciences, 3(2), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.33859/jpcs.v3i2.235
Rasyidah, R. (2019). Studi etnobotani dan aktivitas farmakologi ekstrak daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.). Klorofil: Jurnal Ilmu Biologi dan Terapan, 3(1), 10–18. https://doi.org/10.30821/kfl:jibt.v3i1.7825
Sadino, A., Nurjanah, S., & Lestari, P. (2023). Uji aktivitas antelmintik infusa dan ekstrak etanol daun pepaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) terhadap cacing gelang babi (Ascaris suum) secara in vitro. Pharma Xplore: Jurnal Sains dan Ilmu Farmasi, 8(2), 128–145. https://doi.org/10.36805/jpx.v8i2.5919
Sagita, P., Apriliana, E., Mussabiq, S., & Soleha, T. (2020). Pengaruh pemberian daun sirsak terhadap penyakit diabetes. Jurnal Medika Hutama, 3(1), 1266–1272. https://doi.org/10.47709/jmh.v3i1.1266
Sardjono, T. W. (2020). Helmintologi kedokteran dan veteriner (Edisi revisi). UB Press.
Sari, O. P., Dewi, R. K., & Wardani, H. E. (2024). Infeksi soil transmitted helminths pada anak usia sekolah dasar: Perilaku jajan dan perilaku higiene. Mandala of Health, 17(2), 132–140. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.mandala.2024.17.2.12213
Stephanie, R. E., Wardani, T. S., & Susanti, R. (2022). Buku ajar farmakognosi. PT Global Eksekutif Teknologi.
Supenah, P., Ruswandi, A., & Komalasari, T. (2025). Konsep dasar parasitologi kesehatan. Penerbit NEM.
Syahmani. (2023). Fitokimia dan aplikasinya dalam bidang farmasi. Lambung Mangkurat University Press.
Thakur, R. K., & Patel, S. P. (2025). Mebendazole. StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/484964
Tiwa, A. J., Posangi, J., & Wowor, M. (2021). Prevalensi infeksi parasit cacing Ascaris suum pada usus halus babi di tempat penampungan Desa Motoling, Minahasa Selatan. Zootec, 41(2), 472–478. https://doi.org/10.35792/zot.41.2.2021.36804
Trisna Lestari, R., Hidayati, N., & Rachman, F. (2024). Edukasi dan swamedikasi penggunaan obat cacing pada masyarakat. Medimuh: Jurnal Kesehatan Muhammadiyah, 5(1), 59–64. https://doi.org/10.37874/mh.v5i1.579
Ujan, O. M., Saputra, A., & Winarso, A. (2021). Uji daya anthelmintik ekstrak etanol biji pepaya (Carica papaya) terhadap cacing Ascaris suum secara in vitro. Jurnal Kajian Veteriner, 4(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.35508/jkv.v4i1.3541
Wahyuningsih, S., Pramono, S., & Sudarsono. (2024). Ekstraksi bahan alam: Prinsip dan teknik isolasi senyawa bioaktif. ResearchGate Press.
Widayati, I., Nurhayati, D., & Baaka, A. (2021). Test the activity of the juice and infusion of rumput kebar (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch) against Ascaridia galli worms in vitro. Jurnal Sain Veteriner, 39(2), 99–105. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsv.48550
World Health Organization. (2023). Soil-transmitted helminth infections. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/soil-transmitted-helminth-infections
Zeynudin, A., Degefa, T., Tesfaye, M., & Yewhalaw, D. (2022). Prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminth infections and associated risk factors among household heads living in the peri-urban areas of Jimma town, Oromia, Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE, 17(9), Article e0274702. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274702
