ADOPSI KECERDASAN BUATAN SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN KEBIJAKAN EFISIENSI DALAM TRANSFORMASI LAYANAN AKADEMIK PERGURUAN TINGGI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/edutech.v6i3.12405Keywords:
Adopsi AI Institusional, Kesiapan Teknologi, Dukungan Kebijakan Institusional, Shadow AI Adoption, Efisiensi Layanan AkademikAbstract
ABSTRACT
The ongoing digital transformation of higher education has accelerated the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a strategic instrument for improving academic services and institutional management. Nevertheless, the extent to which AI is adopted remains uneven, reflecting differences in organizational readiness, institutional support, user perceptions, and concerns over data security. This study investigates how technological readiness, institutional policy support, data security concerns, and perceived efficiency benefits shape institutional AI adoption intentions and how these intentions contribute to academic service efficiency and budget efficiency in public universities across Eastern Indonesia. Data were collected from 256 academic and administrative staff through a survey and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). To enrich the interpretation of the quantitative findings, semi-structured interviews were subsequently conducted. The results indicate that technological readiness, institutional policy support, and perceived efficiency benefits exert significant positive effects on institutional AI adoption intention, whereas data security concerns have a significant negative effect. Furthermore, AI adoption intention significantly.
ABSTRAK
Transformasi digital di lingkungan perguruan tinggi mendorong pemanfaatan kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) sebagai bagian dari strategi peningkatan mutu layanan dan efektivitas pengelolaan institusi. Namun, implementasinya belum berlangsung secara merata karena dipengaruhi oleh kesiapan organisasi, kebijakan internal, persepsi pengguna, serta isu keamanan data. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi keterkaitan faktor-faktor tersebut dengan niat adopsi AI institusional sekaligus menelaah implikasinya terhadap efisiensi layanan akademik dan efisiensi anggaran pada perguruan tinggi negeri di Indonesia Timur. Sebanyak 256 dosen dan tenaga kependidikan berpartisipasi dalam survei yang dianalisis menggunakan Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), kemudian dilengkapi melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur untuk memperkaya interpretasi hasil kuantitatif. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa kesiapan teknologi, dukungan kebijakan institusional, dan persepsi manfaat efisiensi berkontribusi positif dan signifikan terhadap niat mengadopsi AI, sedangkan kekhawatiran mengenai keamanan data memberikan pengaruh negatif yang signifikan. Niat adopsi tersebut juga terbukti meningkatkan efisiensi layanan akademik maupun efisiensi anggaran serta berperan sebagai mediator bagi seluruh faktor anteseden. Temuan kualitatif memperlihatkan bahwa AI telah dimanfaatkan dalam penyusunan dokumen akademik, administrasi, dan pengelolaan informasi, tetapi implementasinya masih didominasi inisiatif individu sehingga belum terintegrasi dalam tata kelola institusi. Kondisi ini menegaskan pentingnya penguatan kebijakan dan mekanisme tata kelola agar pemanfaatan AI berkembang secara terarah, terkoordinasi, dan berkelanjutan.
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