PENGARUH MODEL RECIPROCAL TEACHING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN PADA SISWA KELAS III SEKOLAH DASAR SWASTA PAHLAWAN NASIONAL

Abstract

The ability to comprehend written text stands as one of the core pillars in building literacy among elementary school children. Field findings, however, reveal that a considerable number of third-grade students continue to struggle with grasping the content of what they read, a difficulty often linked to repetitive teaching methods that offer little room for active student participation. This study set out to examine the extent to which the Reciprocal teaching model influences the reading comprehension skills of third-grade students at Pahlawan Nasional Private Elementary School. A quantitative approach was applied through a pre-experimental One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. All 26 third-grade students at SDS Pahlawan Nasional were included as the study sample using a saturated sampling technique. Data were gathered through a 20-item multiple-choice test that had undergone validity and reliability testing, then processed using descriptive statistics along with a Paired Samples T-Test carried out with SPSS software. Findings indicate a rise in students' mean scores, from 56.8 at pretest to 79.4 at posttest. Hypothesis testing produced a calculated t-value of 11.573, exceeding the t-table value of 2.059, with a significance level (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05, resulting in the rejection of Ho and acceptance of Ha. These results support the conclusion that applying the Reciprocal teaching model brings a significant improvement to the reading comprehension ability of third-grade students at SDS Pahlawan Nasional.

ABSTRAK

Kemampuan memahami bacaan menjadi salah satu pilar utama dalam pembentukan literasi anak usia sekolah dasar. Meskipun demikian, temuan di lapangan memperlihatkan bahwa sejumlah besar siswa kelas III masih kesulitan menangkap isi teks yang dibaca, yang diduga berkaitan dengan pola pengajaran yang cenderung monoton dan minim melibatkan peran aktif siswa. Studi ini dilakukan untuk melihat sejauh mana penerapan model Reciprocal teaching berdampak pada kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa kelas III di Sekolah Dasar Swasta Pahlawan Nasional. Pendekatan yang digunakan bersifat kuantitatif dengan rancangan pre-experimental jenis One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Seluruh siswa kelas III SDS Pahlawan Nasional yang berjumlah 26 orang dilibatkan sebagai sampel penelitian melalui teknik sampling jenuh. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan instrumen tes pilihan ganda berjumlah 20 butir yang sudah melalui uji validitas dan reliabilitas, kemudian diolah menggunakan statistik deskriptif serta uji hipotesis Paired Samples T-Test berbantuan aplikasi SPSS. Temuan penelitian memperlihatkan kenaikan nilai rata-rata siswa, dari 56,8 saat pretest menjadi 79,4 pada posttest. Pengujian hipotesis menghasilkan nilai thitung 11,573, yang melampaui ttabel sebesar 2,059, dengan taraf signifikansi (2-tailed) 0,000 < 0,05, sehingga Ho ditolak sementara Ha diterima. Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan model Reciprocal teaching memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa kelas III SDS Pahlawan Nasional.