INOVASI BIOREMEDIASI DALAM MENGATASI PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/science.v6i2.9939Keywords:
Systematic Literature Review, inovasi, Pencemaran Lingkungan, bioremediasiAbstract
ABSTRAK
Peningkatan pencemaran lingkungan global oleh hidrokarbon, logam berat, dan polutan baru menuntut solusi pemulihan yang berkelanjutan mengingat keterbatasan metode fisik dan kimia konvensional. Bioremediasi hadir sebagai alternatif ramah lingkungan, tetapi temuan inovasi terbarunya masih terfragmentasi dalam berbagai literatur tanpa adanya kajian komprehensif yang mengevaluasi efektivitas gabungan teknologi tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) yang bertujuan untuk memetakan perkembangan inovasi bioremediasi terkini dan mengevaluasi efektivitas gabungan (hibridisasi) teknologinya. Metode penelitian mengadopsi protokol PRISMA dengan menelusuri pangkalan data Scopus (rentang tahun 2020–2026) yang secara sistematis menyaring dan menghasilkan 18 artikel jurnal relevan untuk dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil sintesis literatur menunjukkan adanya pergeseran paradigma bioremediasi dari pendekatan konvensional yang cenderung mengandalkan agen biologis tunggal dan proses yang terpisah, menuju pendekatan terintegrasi berbasis sistem hibrida yang mengombinasikan mikroba indigen, strategi peningkatan bioavailabilitas, serta teknologi rekayasa modern. Pergeseran ini tercermin dalam empat temuan utama, yaitu: (1) eksplorasi galur mikrobioma lokal (indigen), (2) pemanfaatan agen pemicu ketersediaan polutan (bioavailabilitas) seperti biosurfaktan dan quorum-sensing, (3) hibridisasi sistem biologis dengan rekayasa modern (seperti modifikasi genom CRISPR-Cas9 dan Sistem Bioelektrokimia Mikroba), serta (4) identifikasi tantangan implementasi dan kesenjangan adopsi teknologi di tingkat lokal. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa integrasi keempat inovasi mutakhir tersebut menjadikan bioremediasi sebagai salah satu intervensi yang adaptif, efisien, dan berkelanjutan dalam pemulihan ekosistem, sehingga mampu mencegah kerusakan ekologi jangka panjang. Pendekatan ini berimplikasi pada peningkatan efisiensi degradasi polutan, pengurangan risiko polusi sekunder, serta percepatan pemulihan kualitas lingkungan.
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