NEOFOBIA MAKANAN DAN PERILAKU MAKAN SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DALAM PROGRAM MAKAN BERGIZI GRATIS DI SDIT INSAN KAMIL KARANGANYAR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/paedagogy.v6i2.9153Keywords:
Neofobia Makanan, Perilaku Makan, Siswa Sekolah Dasar, Program Makan Bergizi GratisAbstract
ABSTRACT
Food neophobia is a behavioral tendency that influences children’s acceptance of foods, particularly in the context of school-based meal programs. In the Free Nutritious Meal Program, this condition may reduce the effectiveness of nutritional provision if it is not properly managed. This study aims to examine the dynamics of food neophobia and eating behaviors among elementary school students during the implementation of the Free Nutritious Meal Program at SDIT Insan Kamil Karanganyar. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach involving students, teachers, and school staff as informants. Data were collected through observations, in-depth interviews, and document analysis and were analyzed through data reduction, thematic grouping, and triangulation of sources and methods. The results indicate that food neophobia manifested in the form of refusal of certain menu items, selective eating behaviors, and preferences for familiar foods. These behaviors were shaped by previous dietary habits, individual experiences, and the school social context, including the roles of teachers and peers. The main contribution of this study lies in providing context-specific qualitative evidence on the role of behavioral factors in the implementation of universal school meal programs. The findings emphasize that the success of the Free Nutritious Meal Program depends not only on menu quality but also on students’ behavioral readiness to accept the meals served. Therefore, understanding food neophobia constitutes an essential basis for designing more adaptive and educational school meal programs that foster long-term healthy eating habits among elementary school students.
ABSTRAK
Neofobia makanan merupakan kecenderungan perilaku yang memengaruhi penerimaan anak terhadap pangan, khususnya dalam konteks program makan berbasis sekolah. Dalam Program Makan Bergizi Gratis, kondisi ini berpotensi mengurangi efektivitas pemenuhan gizi apabila tidak dikelola secara tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji dinamika neofobia makanan serta perilaku makan siswa sekolah dasar selama pelaksanaan Program Makan Bergizi Gratis di SDIT Insan Kamil Karanganyar. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan melibatkan siswa, guru, dan pihak sekolah sebagai informan. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan telaah dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis melalui reduksi data, pengelompokan temuan, serta triangulasi sumber dan teknik.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa neofobia makanan terwujud dalam bentuk penolakan terhadap menu tertentu, perilaku memilih-milih makanan, serta preferensi terhadap pangan yang sudah familiar. Perilaku tersebut dipengaruhi oleh kebiasaan konsumsi sebelumnya, pengalaman individu, serta konteks sosial sekolah, termasuk peran guru dan teman sebaya. Kontribusi utama penelitian ini terletak pada penyediaan bukti kualitatif kontekstual mengenai peran faktor perilaku dalam implementasi program makan sekolah universal. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa keberhasilan Program Makan Bergizi Gratis tidak hanya ditentukan oleh kualitas menu, tetapi juga oleh kesiapan perilaku siswa dalam menerima makanan yang disajikan. Oleh karena itu, pemahaman terhadap neofobia makanan menjadi dasar penting bagi perancangan program makan sekolah yang lebih adaptif, edukatif, dan berorientasi pada pembentukan kebiasaan makan sehat jangka panjang pada siswa sekolah dasar.
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