ASPEK PSIKIATRI DALAM UPACARA MEGEDONG-GEDONGAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/paedagogy.v6i1.8213Keywords:
Megedong-gedongan, Psikiatri Budaya, Kesehatan Mental Ibu HamilAbstract
ABSTRACT
Pregnancy is a period of biological, psychological, and social transition that increases women’s vulnerability to mental health disorders, particularly perinatal anxiety and depression. Although various biomedical approaches have been developed, they have not fully addressed the psychosocial and cultural aspects influencing maternal well-being. In Balinese culture, the Megedong-gedongan (Garbha Wedana) ceremony is a pregnancy ritual rich in spiritual and social meaning and involves family and community participation. The purpose of this article is to examine the role of the Megedong-gedongan ceremony on maternal mental health from a cultural psychiatry perspective. The method used is a literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach through a search of scientific journal articles, reference books, and policy documents related to perinatal mental health and cultural practices of pregnancy published between 2016 and 2025. The research stages include identification and selection of literature, critical review of content, grouping themes, and synthesis and interpretation of results within a cultural psychiatry framework. The results indicate that the Megedong-gedongan ceremony acts as a form of social support that includes emotional, informational, and practical support, which has the potential to reduce stress and anxiety levels in pregnant women and increase psychological readiness for childbirth. This study affirms that Megedong-gedongan constitutes a relevant socio-cultural capital for promoting the mental health of pregnant women and has the potential to be integrated into culturally sensitive maternal healthcare approaches.
ABSTRAK
Kehamilan merupakan masa transisi biologis, psikologis, dan sosial yang meningkatkan risiko gangguan kesehatan mental, khususnya kecemasan dan depresi perinatal. Meskipun pendekatan biomedis telah dikembangkan, aspek psikososial dan budaya belum sepenuhnya terakomodasi. Dalam budaya Bali, upacara Megedong-gedongan (Garbha Wedana) merupakan ritual kehamilan bermakna spiritual dan sosial yang melibatkan keluarga serta komunitas. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengkaji peran upacara Megedong-gedongan terhadap kesehatan mental ibu hamil dari perspektif psikiatri budaya. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui penelusuran artikel jurnal ilmiah, buku rujukan, dan dokumen kebijakan terkait kesehatan mental perinatal dan praktik budaya kehamilan yang terbit dalam rentang tahun 2016–2025. Tahapan penelitian meliputi identifikasi dan seleksi literatur, telaah kritis isi, pengelompokan tema, serta sintesis dan pemaknaan hasil dalam kerangka psikiatri budaya. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa upacara Megedong-gedongan berperan sebagai bentuk dukungan sosial yang mencakup dukungan emosional, informasional, dan praktis, yang berpotensi menurunkan tingkat stres dan kecemasan ibu hamil serta meningkatkan kesiapan psikologis menghadapi persalinan. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa Megedong-gedongan merupakan modal sosial-budaya yang relevan untuk promosi kesehatan mental ibu hamil dan berpotensi diintegrasikan dalam pendekatan layanan kesehatan maternal yang sensitif budaya.
References
Adyani, K., Rahmawati, A., & Pebrianti, A. (2023). Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kesehatan Mental pada Ibu Selama Kehamilan: Literature Review. Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI), 6(6), 1033-1038. https://doi.org/10.56338/mppki.v6i6.3388
Ahmad, A., & Mushtaq, R. (2024). Examining the predictive relationship between perceived social support and perceived stress among pregnant women. Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences, 5(04), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i04.1343
Al-Mutawtah, M., Campbell, E., Kubis, H. P., & Erjavec, M. (2023). Women’s experiences of social support during pregnancy: a qualitative systematic review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 23(1), 782. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-023-06089-0
Bedaso, A., Adams, J., Peng, W., & Sibbritt, D. (2021). The relationship between social support and mental health problems during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reproductive Health, 18(1), 162. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01209-5
Biaggi, A., Conroy, S., Pawlby, S., & Pariante, C. M. (2016). Identifying the women at risk of antenatal anxiety and depression: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 191, 62–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.014
Christi, F., & Soetjiningsih, S. (2021). Hubungan dukungan sosial keluarga dengan kecemasan melahirkan pada ibu hamil primigravida. Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan Indonesia, 10(2), 85–92. https://jurnal.usahidsolo.ac.id/index.php/JIKI/article/view/1065
Damayanti, N. L. A. E. (2020). Pelaksanaan Upacara Magedong-gedongan Pada Masyarakat Hindu di Kota Palu. Widya Genitri, 11(1), 60-70. https://doi.org/10.36417/widyagenitri.v11i1.344
Fenwick, J., et al. (2023). Women’s experiences of social support during pregnancy: a qualitative systematic review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 23, Article 782. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-023-06089-0
Gelaye, B., Rondon, M. B., Araya, R., & Williams, M. A. (2019). Epidemiology of maternal depression, risk factors, and child outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet Psychiatry, 3(10), 973–982. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30284-X
Handajani, A. (2021). Pengaruh dukungan keluarga terhadap kecemasan pada ibu hamil trimester III: Pendekatan observasional. International Journal of Maternal Health, 3(4), 231–237. https://journal.umg.ac.id/index.php/ijmt/article/view/3321
Hjelm, L., Mathiassen, C., & Kappel, N. (2020). Social support and mental well-being among pregnant women: A systematic review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03087-4
Howard, L. M., & Khalifeh, H. (2020). Perinatal mental health: A review of progress and challenges. World Psychiatry, 19(3), 313–327. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20769
Juariah. 2018. Kepercayaan dan Praktik Budaya pada Masa Kehamilan Masyarakat Desa Karangsari, Kabupaten Garut. Sosiohumaniora, 20(2), 162-167. https://doi.org/10.24198/sosiohumaniora.v20i2.10668
Kirmayer, L. J., Gomez-Carrillo, A., & Veissière, S. (2020). Culture and depression in global mental health: An ecosocial approach to the phenomenology of psychiatric disorders. Social Science & Medicine, 183, 163–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.04.034
Kohrt, B. A., Rasmussen, A., Kaiser, B. N., Haroz, E. E., Maharjan, S. M., Mutamba, B. B., de Jong, J. T. V. M., & Hinton, D. E. (2018). Cultural concepts of distress and psychiatric disorders: Literature review and research recommendations for global mental health. Transcultural Psychiatry, 55(2), 189–213. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461517739497
O’Connor, E., Rossom, R. C., Henninger, M., Groom, H. C., & Burda, B. U. (2019). Primary care screening for and treatment of depression in pregnant and postpartum women: Evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA, 321(6), 588–601.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.20865
Pinandia, R. S., & Utami, W. (2025). Dukungan emosional dan sosial terhadap kecemasan persalinan: A systematic literature review. Jurnal Ners, 9(3), 3346–3351. https://doi.org/10.31004/jn.v9i3.45473
Rahmawati, Putra, A. P., Lestari, D.J., Saripudin, M. (2020). Ritual Budaya Selama Kehamilan di Indonesia Sebagai Bentuk Local Wisdom Dukungan Sosial. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan FKIP, 3(1), 502-514. https://jurnal.untirta.ac.id/index.php/psnp/article/view/9979
Subadi, I. K., Suparta, I. K., Mudita, I. W. 2021. Pemahaman Masyarakat Hindu Terhadap Upacara Megedong-Gedongan. Widya Genitri, 12(3), 200-213. https://doi.org/10.36417/widyagenitri.v12i3.359
Suraily, L. S. P. M., Madinah, M. H., & Dewi, M. K. (2025). Hubungan dukungan keluarga, dukungan sosial, dan persepsi pandemi COVID-19 dengan tingkat kecemasan ibu hamil. SIMFISIS: Jurnal Kebidanan Indonesia, v2(1). https://doi.org/10.53801/sjki.v2i1.57
World Health Organization. (2022). Mental health of women during pregnancy and after childbirth. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-SRH-22.01
Yeganeh, H. (2024). Conceptualizing the patterns of change in cultural values: The paradoxical effects of modernization, demographics, and globalization. Social Sciences, 13(9), 439. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13090439
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 G. A. Ade Cahayani Saraswati, Cokorda Bagus Jaya Lesmana, Ni Ketut Putri Ariani, Luh Nyoman Alit Aryani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
