SISTEM PEMBELAJARAN E-LEARNING, BLENDED LEARNING, DAN HYBRID LEARNING DAN PENERAPANNYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA DI SMA

Abstract

The development of information and communication technology has encouraged the use of various technology-based learning systems in Physics education, including e-learning, blended learning, and hybrid learning. The use of technology in Physics learning can support the delivery of learning materials, concept visualization, simulations, and practical activities. This study aims to describe the implementation of e-learning, blended learning, and hybrid learning in Physics learning at SMA Negeri 1 Pagaran, Pagaran District, North Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra Province, including the digital media used, the use of technology in learning and practical activities, the perceived benefits, and the challenges encountered. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach using purposive sampling, involving two Physics teachers as the main subjects and 30 students as supporting participants. Data were collected through online interviews conducted via Zoom and questionnaires administered to the students, and were analyzed descriptively according to the research focus. The results showed that technology-based learning was more prominently implemented through e-learning and blended learning. E-learning was implemented using PhET Simulation, Canva, YouTube, videos, digital learning materials, and exercises, while blended learning was implemented by combining face-to-face learning with digital materials, assignments, simulations, and activities. Technology was also utilized in practical activities through simulations or virtual laboratories as supporting tools or temporary alternatives before direct practical activities. Most students responded positively to the use of digital media, although several challenges were identified, including differences in technological skills, limited internet connectivity, limited practical training for teachers, and the need for guidance in using digital devices. Meanwhile, hybrid learning had not been formally implemented according to the teachers. Thus, technology-based learning has become part of Physics learning at SMA Negeri 1 Pagaran, although the implementation and understanding of e-learning, blended learning, and hybrid learning still differ.

ABSTRAK

Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi mendorong pemanfaatan berbagai sistem pembelajaran berbasis teknologi dalam pembelajaran Fisika, di antaranya e-learning, blended learning, dan hybrid learning. Pemanfaatan teknologi dalam pembelajaran Fisika dapat mendukung penyajian materi, visualisasi konsep, simulasi, serta kegiatan praktikum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan e-learning, blended learning, dan hybrid learning dalam pembelajaran Fisika di SMA Negeri 1 Pagaran, Kecamatan Pagaran, Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara, Provinsi Sumatera Utara, termasuk media digital yang digunakan, pemanfaatan teknologi dalam pembelajaran dan praktikum, manfaat, serta kendala yang dihadapi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik purposive sampling, melibatkan dua guru Fisika sebagai subjek utama dan 30 peserta didik sebagai data pendukung. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara secara daring menggunakan Zoom dan kuesioner kepada peserta didik, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif sesuai fokus penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran berbasis teknologi lebih banyak terlihat pada e-learning dan blended learning. E-learning digunakan melalui PhET Simulation, Canva, YouTube, video, materi digital, dan latihan, sedangkan blended learning diterapkan dengan menggabungkan pembelajaran tatap muka dengan materi, tugas, simulasi, dan aktivitas digital. Teknologi juga dimanfaatkan dalam kegiatan praktikum melalui simulasi atau laboratorium virtual sebagai pendukung maupun alternatif sementara sebelum praktikum langsung. Sebagian besar peserta didik memberikan respons positif terhadap penggunaan media digital, meskipun masih terdapat kendala berupa perbedaan kemampuan menggunakan teknologi, keterbatasan jaringan, keterbatasan pelatihan praktis bagi guru, dan perlunya pengarahan dalam penggunaan perangkat. Sementara itu, hybrid learning belum diterapkan secara formal menurut guru. Dengan demikian, pembelajaran berbasis teknologi telah menjadi bagian dari pembelajaran Fisika di SMA Negeri 1 Pagaran, meskipun penerapan dan pemaknaan e-learning, blended learning, dan hybrid learning masih menunjukkan perbedaan.