PEMETAAN TINGKAT KESULITAN BELAJAR MAHASISWA DALAM PEMBUATAN POLA MANUAL PADA PROGRAM STUDI PRODUKSI GARMEN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/cendekia.v6i4.15146Keywords:
kesulitan belajar, pendidikan vokasi, pola manual, produksi garmen, transformasi polaAbstract
Manual pattern making remains a fundamental competency in garment production education despite the increasing adoption of CAD and three-dimensional visualization technologies in apparel design and manufacturing. This study aimed to map students’ learning difficulties in the Manual Pattern Practice 1 course and describe internal and external learning conditions as contextual profiles rather than causal determinants. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Garment Production Study Program at Politeknik STTT Bandung. The accessible population consisted of 45 students from three groups, all of whom were targeted for data collection using saturated sampling (total sampling). A total of 39 students provided complete responses, resulting in an 86.67% response rate. The initial instrument comprised 45 four-point Likert-scale items covering internal conditions, external conditions, and pattern-making competencies. Following item validity testing, 43 items were retained, with an overall Cronbach’s alpha of 0.802. Data were analyzed descriptively by considering the polarity of positively and negatively worded items. Within pattern transformation competency, difficulty in determining the sequence of pattern-development steps and adjusting developed patterns for garment-fragment construction each obtained a mean score of 2.85. After harmonizing score direction, the positively worded item concerning the ability to visualize pattern shapes yielded a difficulty-equivalent score of 2.54. Among internal conditions, perceived basic ability (M = 2.81) was relatively weaker than interest, motivation, and learning readiness, while external conditions were generally perceived positively. The findings indicate the need to strengthen procedural sequencing, visualization of the relationship between two-dimensional patterns and three-dimensional garment forms, gradual scaffolding, and formative assessment during pattern transformation. The gradual integration of manual and digital pattern-making activities may also support students’ readiness for evolving industry demands.
ABSTRAK
Pembuatan pola manual tetap menjadi kompetensi fundamental dalam pendidikan produksi garmen meskipun desain dan manufaktur pakaian semakin mengadopsi teknologi Computer-Aided Design (CAD) dan visualisasi tiga dimensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan kesulitan belajar mahasiswa dalam Mata Kuliah Praktikum Pola Manual 1 serta mendeskripsikan kondisi internal dan eksternal pembelajaran sebagai konteks pembelajaran, bukan sebagai determinan kausal. Penelitian menggunakan desain deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survei potong lintang di Program Studi Produksi Garmen, Politeknik STTT Bandung. Populasi terjangkau terdiri atas 45 mahasiswa dari tiga grup yang seluruhnya menjadi sasaran pengumpulan data melalui teknik sampling jenuh (total sampling). Sebanyak 39 mahasiswa memberikan respons lengkap sehingga tingkat respons mencapai 86,67%. Instrumen awal terdiri atas 45 pernyataan skala Likert empat poin yang mencakup kondisi internal, kondisi eksternal, dan kompetensi pembuatan pola. Sebanyak 43 butir dipertahankan setelah pengujian validitas butir, dengan konsistensi internal instrumen secara keseluruhan sebesar Cronbach’s alpha = 0,802. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan memperhatikan polaritas pernyataan positif dan negatif. Pada kompetensi transformasi pola, kesulitan menentukan urutan langkah pengembangan pola dan menyesuaikan pola hasil pengembangan untuk pembuatan fragmen busana masing-masing memperoleh rerata 2,85. Setelah arah skor diseragamkan, butir positif mengenai kemampuan membayangkan bentuk pola memiliki skor kesulitan ekuivalen sebesar 2,54. Pada kondisi internal, kemampuan dasar (M = 2,81) relatif lebih lemah dibandingkan minat, motivasi, dan kesiapan belajar, sedangkan kondisi eksternal dipersepsikan relatif positif. Temuan menunjukkan perlunya penguatan pembelajaran pada urutan prosedural, visualisasi hubungan pola dua dimensi dan bentuk tiga dimensi, scaffolding bertahap, serta evaluasi formatif pada proses transformasi pola. Integrasi pembelajaran pola manual dan digital secara bertahap juga dapat mendukung kesiapan mahasiswa menghadapi tuntutan industri.
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