PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY SEBAGAI DETERMINAN EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT DAN KINERJA KARYAWAN: SEBUAH LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

ABSTRACT

The increasingly complex work environment requires organizations to establish working conditions that not only focus on achieving performance targets but also support employee engagement and performance. Although research on psychological safety has continued to develop, previous findings remain fragmented across its relationships with employee engagement, leadership, work behavior, and performance in specific organizational contexts. This article aims to synthesize the role of psychological safety as a determinant of employee engagement and employee performance while identifying organizational factors that support its development. This study employed a descriptive qualitative literature review. Articles were retrieved from Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, ProQuest, and Google Scholar, covering publications from 2021 to 2026. The selection process followed the stages of identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and final article selection based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, followed by a narrative synthesis. The findings indicate that psychological safety functions as a psychosocial mechanism linking the quality of the organizational environment with employees’ willingness to participate, employee engagement, innovative behavior, and job performance. Inclusive leadership, organizational support, open communication, and a positive organizational culture were identified as key factors supporting its development. The study concludes that psychological safety should be integrated into human resource management strategies as a foundation for strengthening sustainable employee engagement and performance.

ABSTRAK

Perubahan lingkungan kerja yang semakin kompleks menuntut organisasi membangun kondisi kerja yang tidak hanya berorientasi pada pencapaian target, tetapi juga mendukung keterlibatan dan kinerja karyawan. Meskipun kajian mengenai psychological safety terus berkembang, temuan sebelumnya masih tersebar pada hubungan dengan employee engagement, kepemimpinan, perilaku kerja, atau kinerja dalam konteks organisasi tertentu. Artikel ini bertujuan menyintesis peran psychological safety sebagai determinan employee engagement dan kinerja karyawan sekaligus mengidentifikasi faktor organisasional yang mendukung pembentukannya. Penelitian menggunakan metode literature review dengan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif. Penelusuran artikel dilakukan pada basis data Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, ProQuest, dan Google Scholar terhadap publikasi periode 2021–2026. Proses seleksi mengikuti tahapan identifikasi, penyaringan, penilaian kelayakan, dan penetapan artikel sesuai pedoman PRISMA 2020, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan sintesis naratif (narrative synthesis). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa psychological safety berperan sebagai mekanisme psikososial yang menghubungkan kualitas lingkungan organisasi dengan keberanian berpartisipasi, employee engagement, perilaku inovatif, dan kinerja karyawan. Kepemimpinan inklusif, dukungan organisasi, komunikasi terbuka, serta budaya kerja positif menjadi faktor penting dalam pembentukannya. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengembangan psychological safety perlu diintegrasikan ke dalam strategi manajemen sumber daya manusia sebagai landasan penguatan keterlibatan dan kinerja secara berkelanjutan.