STRATEGI PENGENDALIAN GULMA BERKELANJUTAN MELALUI ALELOPATI, MULSA, DAN BIOHERBISIDA: LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/cendekia.v6i4.14676Keywords:
Alelopati, Bioherbisida, Gulma, Mulsa, Pertanian BerkelanjutanAbstract
Weed control is still a big challenge in agricultural systems because its existence can reduce crop productivity through competition for water, nutrients, light, and planting space. On the other hand, the continued use of synthetic herbicides has led to a variety of negative impacts, such as resistance to weeds, environmental pollution, and disturbances to non-target organisms. This condition encourages the development of various weed control approaches that are more environmentally friendly. This article aims to review and synthesize research results on the use of allelopathy, mulching, and bioherbicides as sustainable weed control strategies. This research was conducted using the Narrative Literature Review (NLR) method with a descriptive-qualitative approach. The review process begins with the identification of articles based on predefined keywords. The articles used in this review were selected based on several inclusion and exclusion criteria. Next, the screening process is carried out by reviewing titles and abstracts to assess the relevance of the article to the focus of the research. Data sources were obtained from scientific articles published in the 2021–2026 period through several scientific databases, then analyzed thematically based on the similarity of research focus. The results of the study showed that allelopathy is able to suppress weed growth through the activity of allelochemical compounds, the use of mulch is effective in inhibiting weed germination while improving the physical and biological condition of the soil, while bioherbicides offer a more selective and environmentally friendly control alternative. These three approaches have different working mechanisms, but they complement each other if applied in an integrated manner in the weed management system. Thus, the integration of allelopathy, mulching, and bioherbicides has the potential to be an effective strategy to reduce dependence on synthetic herbicides while supporting the realization of a more productive, sustainable, and environmentally friendly agricultural system.
ABSTRAK
Pengendalian gulma masih menjadi tantangan besar dalam sistem pertanian karena keberadaannya dapat mengurangi produktivitas tanaman melalui persaingan dalam memperoleh air, nutrisi, cahaya, dan ruang tanam. Di sisi lain, penggunaan herbisida sintetis yang berkelanjutan telah menyebabkan berbagai dampak negatif, seperti ketahanan terhadap gulma, polusi lingkungan, dan gangguan pada organisme non-target. Kondisi ini mendorong pengembangan berbagai pendekatan pengendalian gulma yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk meninjau dan mensintesis hasil penelitian tentang penggunaan alelopati, mulsa, dan bioherbisida sebagai strategi pengendalian gulma yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode Narrative Literature Review (NLR) dengan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif. Proses tinjauan dimulai dengan identifikasi artikel berdasarkan kata kunci yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. Artikel yang digunakan dalam tinjauan ini dipilih berdasarkan beberapa kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Selanjutnya, proses penyaringan dilakukan dengan meninjau judul dan abstrak untuk menilai relevansi artikel terhadap fokus penelitian. Sumber data diperoleh dari artikel ilmiah yang diterbitkan pada periode 2021–2026 melalui beberapa basis data ilmiah, kemudian dianalisis secara tematik berdasarkan kesamaan fokus penelitian. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa alelopati mampu menekan pertumbuhan gulma melalui aktivitas senyawa alelokimia, penggunaan mulsa efektif dalam menghambat perkecambahan gulma sekaligus memperbaiki kondisi fisik dan biologis tanah, sementara bioherbisida menawarkan alternatif pengendalian yang lebih selektif dan ramah lingkungan. Ketiga pendekatan ini memiliki mekanisme kerja yang berbeda, tetapi saling melengkapi jika diterapkan secara terintegrasi dalam sistem pengelolaan gulma. Dengan demikian, integrasi alelopati, mulsa, dan bioherbisida berpotensi menjadi strategi efektif untuk mengurangi ketergantungan pada herbisida sintetis sekaligus mendukung terwujudnya sistem pertanian yang lebih produktif, berkelanjutan, dan ramah lingkungan.
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