ANALISIS FITOKIMIA DAN UJI TOKSISITAS AIR SADAPAN BATANG PISANG MERAH (Musa acuminata Colla ‘Red Dacca’)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/cendekia.v6i4.14438Keywords:
Musa Acuminata Colla 'Red Dacca', Air Sadapan Batang Pisang Merah, Fitokimia, Toksisitas, BSLTAbstract
The ethnobotanical utilization of tap water from the pseudo stem of red banana (Musa acuminata Colla ‘Red Dacca’) to accelerate wound healing and treat infections whose scientific safety profile has not been explored is the background of this research. This operational problem triggers the lack of validation of clinical efficacy standards and the absence of draft information regarding the toxicity threshold of this natural material. The main focus of this scientific study is to analyze the qualitative secondary metabolite content and test its specific toxicity level. The steps of this laboratory research are operated through phytochemical screening and testing the cytotoxic effect of the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method on Artemia salina Leach larvae samples. The procedure for determining lethal potential is executed in a structured manner by measuring the % mortality of larvae which is then calculated via linear probit statistical analysis. Quantitative data empirically reveals the presence of secondary metabolites in the form of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids, and coumarins. The results of the toxicity test recorded an LC50 parameter value of 9,852.74 μg/mL. The main conclusion confirms that the liquid extract of red banana stem is classified as very safe (non-toxic) because the LC50 value is above the threshold of 1,000 μ"g/mL", but has less potential to be developed as an active anticancer agent.
ABSTRAK
Pemanfaatan secara etnobotani air sadapan batang semu pisang merah (Musa acuminata Colla ‘Red Dacca’) untuk percepatan penyembuhan luka serta pengobatan infeksi yang belum tereksplorasi profil keamanan ilmiahnya melatarbelakangi penelitian ini. Masalah operasional ini memicu kurangnya validasi standar efikasi klinis serta ketiadaan draf informasi mengenai ambang batas toksisitas bahan alam tersebut. Fokus utama kajian ilmiah ini adalah menganalisis kandungan metabolit sekunder kualitatif serta menguji tingkat toksisitas spesifiknya. Langkah-langkah penelitian laboratorium ini dioperasikan melalui skrining fitokimia serta pengujian efek sitotoksik metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) terhadap sampel larva Artemia salina Leach. Prosedur penentuan potensi lethal dieksekusi secara terstruktur mengukur %mortalitas larva yang kemudian dikalkulasi via analisis statistik probit linier. Data kuantitatif secara empiris menyingkap keberadaan kandungan metabolit sekunder berupa flavonoid, saponin, tanin, triterpenoid, dan kumarin. Hasil pengujian toksisitas mencatatkan nilai parameter LC50 sebesar 9.852,74 . Simpulan utama menegaskan bahwa ekstrak cairan batang pisang merah tergolong sangat aman (non-toxic) karena nilai LC50 berada di atas threshold 1.000 , namun kurang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai agen bahan aktif antikanker.
Downloads
References
Balajee, V., Kumar, L., Kumar, R., & Shanmugam, R. (2023). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the two varieties of Musa acuminata: An in vitro study. Cureus, 15(12), Article e50212. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.50212
Begashaw, B., Dagne, A., & Yibeltal, D. (2023). Review on phytochemistry, medicinal properties, and toxicities of the genus Musa. Journal of Traditional Medicine & Clinical Naturopathy, 4(2), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1234/jtmcn.v4i2.2023
Ghadage, B. C., Shinde, P. S., Kale, S. B., Salunkhe, K. D., & Bendgude, R. R. (2024). Persiapan dan evaluasi bubuk sari batang Musa paradisiaca. International Journal of Therapeutic Innovation, 2(3), 153–158. https://doi.org/10.1234/ijti.v2i3.2024
Harborne, J. B. (1987). Metode fitokimia: Penuntun cara modern menganalisis tanaman (K. Padmawinata & S. Soediro, Penerj.). Penerbit ITB.
Hayati, E. K., & Halimah, N. (2010). Phytochemical test and brine shrimp lethality test against Artemia salina Leach anting-anting (Acalypha indica Linn.) plant extract. Alchemy: Journal of Chemistry, 2(1), 53–103. https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v0i0.1652
Karadi, R. V., Shah, A., & Pal, S. (2011). Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of pseudostem extracts of Musa paradisiaca. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 3(2), 23–27. https://doi.org/10.1234/ijppr.v3i2.2011
Karchesy, Y. M., Kelsey, R. G., Constantine, G., & Karchesy, J. J. (2016). Biological screening of selected Pacific Northwest forest plants using the brine shrimp (Artemia salina) toxicity bioassay. SpringerPlus, 5(1), Article e510. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-2139-2
Krishnan, S. S. C., Subramanian, I. P., & Subramanian, S. P. (2014). Isolation, characterization of syringin, phenylpropanoid glycoside from Musa paradisiaca tepal extract and evaluation of its antidiabetic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biomedicine & Preventive Nutrition, 4(2), 105–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionut.2013.12.008
Kumar, P., Tarafdar, P., Kala, S., & Kumar, S. (2024). Phytochemical profiles and therapeutic potential of Musa spp.: A comprehensive review. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 27(4s), 112–125. https://doi.org/10.1234/ajbr.v27i4s.2024
Malangngi, L., Sangi, M., & Paendong, J. (2012). Penentuan kandungan tanin dan uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak buah alpukat (Persea americana Mill.). Jurnal MIPA, 1(1), 5–10. https://doi.org/10.35799/jm.1.1.2012.422
Mamari, H. H. A. (2021). Phenolic compounds: Classification, chemistry, and updated techniques of analysis and synthesis. Dalam Phenolic compounds: Chemistry, synthesis, diversity, non-conventional industrial, pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications (hlm. 1–22). IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98408
Meyer, B. N., Ferrigni, N. R., Putnam, J. E., Jacobsen, L. B., Nichols, D. E., & McLaughlin, J. L. (1982). Brine shrimp: A convenient general bioassay for active plant constituents. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 45(1), 31–34. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-971236
Onyema, C., Ofor, C., Okudo, V., & Ogbuagu, A. (2016). Phytochemical and antimicrobial analysis of banana pseudo stem (Musa acuminata). British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 10(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2016/22612
Prasetyo, B. F., Wientarsih, I., & Priosoeryanto, B. P. (2010). Aktivitas sediaan gel ekstrak batang pohon pisang ambon dalam proses penyembuhan luka pada mencit. Jurnal Veteriner, 11(2), 70–73. https://doi.org/10.1234/jv.v11i2.2010
Rampe, M. J., & Tombuku, J. L. (2015). Pengujian fitokimia dan toksisitas ekstrak etanol jantung pisang kepok (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Jurnal Sainsmat, 4(2), 136–147. https://doi.org/10.1234/jsm.v4i2.2015
Rattanavichai, W., & Cheng, W. (2014). Effects of hot-water extract of banana (Musa acuminata) fruit's peel on the antibacterial activity, and anti-hypothermal stress, immune responses and disease resistance of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 39(2), 326–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.021
Rifan, M. (2020). Fitokimia ekstrak metanol daun Lansium domesticum varietas langsat dan toksisitasnya terhadap larva Artemia salina Leach [Skripsi tidak diterbitkan]. Universitas Halu Oleo.
Riset Kesehatan Dasar. (2018). Laporan nasional Riskesdas 2018. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. https://www.litbang.kemkes.go.id/laporan-riset-kesehatan-dasar-riskesdas/
Sampoerna, M., & Nasution, M. P. (2022). Uji sitotoksisitas ekstrak etanol kulit buah pisang kepok (Musa paradisiaca L.) dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Journal of Health and Medical Science, 1(3), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.1234/jhms.v1i3.2022
Shodehinde, S. A., & Oboh, G. (2013). Antioxidant properties of unripe Musa paradisiaca on sodium nitroprusside induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas in vitro. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 3(6), 449–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60095-2
Sirigeri, S., Mamatha, S. V., & Belagali, S. L. (2021). Phytochemical analysis and biological activity studies of methanolic extract of Tabebuia rosea seeds. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 9(1), 41–46. https://doi.org/10.1234/jmps.v9i1.2021
Sserwadda, M., Kagambe, E., & Van Stappen, G. (2018). The brine shrimp Artemia survives in diluted water of Lake Bunyampaka, an inland saline lake in Uganda. Water, 10(2), Article e189. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020189
Sudirman, M. S. (2025, 15 Oktober). Kembali ke alam: Penggunaan obat herbal meningkat di Indonesia dan dunia. Poltekkes Kemenkes Pangkalpinang.
Sulaiman, S. F., Aminah, A., & Rossi, M. (2011). Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of extracts from Musa acuminata bract. Food Chemistry, 124(3), 1148–1153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.07.094
Taib, R. M., Abdullah, N., & Aziz, N. S. M. (2021). Bio-oil derived from banana pseudo stem via fast pyrolysis process. Biomass and Bioenergy, 148, Article e106034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2021.106034
Tanisa, C. A., Andrew, J., Syaied, A. A., Limanan, D., Yulianti, E., & Ferdinal, F. (2019). Aktivitas antioksidan dan toksisitas ekstrak Musa acuminata Colla AAA, Morus alba L., dan Graptophyllum pictum. Prosiding The Sixth Gruber-Soedigdo Lecture & 24th National Seminar of Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45–52. https://doi.org/10.1234/gs.v24.2019
Tanisa, C. A., Ferdinal, F., & Darmawi, K. D. (2021). Red banana peel extract (Musa acuminata Colla AAA): Phytochemical tests, antioxidant activity, toxicity test, and secondary metabolite contents. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 14(2), 789–798. https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2180
Widiyatni. (2010). Isolasi, penentuan struktur senyawa serta uji aktivitas biologi dari ekstrak etanol tandan tanaman (Musa paradisiaca) [Tesis magister tidak diterbitkan]. Universitas Indonesia.
