ANALISIS PENGUASAAN LAHAN (TENURIAL) BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL (STUDI KASUS DI NEGERI KAILOLO KECAMATAN PULAU HARUKU KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/cendekia.v6i4.14432Keywords:
Penguasaan Lahan, Tenurial, Kearifan Lokal, Masyarakat AdatAbstract
Land is a strategic resource whose control by indigenous communities is often excluded due to the expansion of formal spatial planning and the penetration of modernization. This study aims to analyze the land tenure system based on local wisdom among indigenous communities in Negeri Kailolo, Pulau Haruku District, Central Maluku Regency. The method used was a qualitative approach with case studies through observation, in-depth interviews with 15 key informants selected via purposive sampling, and documentation studies. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively and descriptively based on an interactive flow of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, enhanced by participatory mapping using Geographic Information System (GIS). The results indicate that the tenure system is divided into soa (communal) land and individual land, which are managed based on customary rules. Customary institutions play a crucial role in regulating rights, resolving disputes, and preserving local values. Local wisdom has proven to be fundamental in maintaining justice and sustainable land tenure, despite the challenges of modernization. This study concludes that land tenure based on local wisdom in Negeri Kailolo still holds power in regulating community relations with the land fairly and sustainably. However, formal state recognition of the customary system is needed to strengthen the legitimacy and legal protection of indigenous peoples' rights.
ABSTRAK
Lahan merupakan sumber daya strategis yang penguasanya oleh masyarakat adat sering mengalami eksklusi akibat ekspansi tata ruang formal dan penetrasi modernisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis sistem penguasaan lahan (tenurial) berbasis kearifan lokal pada masyarakat adat di Negeri Kailolo, Kecamatan Pulau Haruku, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam terhadap 15 informan kunci yang dipilih secara purposive sampling, serta studi dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif berbasis alur interaktif reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan, yang diperkuat dengan pemetaan partisipatif berbasis Geographic Information System (GIS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem tenurial terbagi menjadi lahan soa (komunal) dan lahan perorangan yang dikelola berdasarkan aturan adat. Lembaga adat berperan penting dalam pengaturan hak, penyelesaian sengketa, dan pelestarian nilai lokal. Kearifan lokal terbukti menjadi dasar dalam menjaga keadilan dan keberlanjutan penguasaan lahan, meskipun menghadapi tantangan modernisasi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penguasaan lahan berbasis kearifan lokal di Negeri Kailolo masih memiliki kekuatan dalam mengatur hubungan masyarakat dengan tanah secara adil dan berkelanjutan. Namun, diperlukan pengakuan formal dari negara terhadap sistem adat untuk memperkuat legitimasi dan perlindungan hukum terhadap hak-hak masyarakat adat.
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