MEMORI KOLEKTIF MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PERISTIWA KAHAR MUZAKKAR: STUDI BERDASARKAN WAWANCARA LINTAS WILAYAH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/cendekia.v6i3.11230Keywords:
Memori Kolektif, Sejarah Lisan, Kahar Muzakkar, Narasi Antargenerasi, Sejarah SosialAbstract
ABSTRACT
The Kahar Muzakkar movement represents one of Indonesia's major post-independence conflicts that not only left significant political and military legacies but also shaped the collective memory of communities across various regions of Sulawesi. However, existing studies on this event have largely been dominated by political and official historical perspectives, while community experiences preserved through oral narratives have received relatively limited scholarly attention. This study aims to analyze how communities remember, interpret, and transmit memories of the Kahar Muzakkar conflict through an oral history approach. The study employed a descriptive qualitative method using an oral history approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with purposively selected informants aged 65 years and above from Palopo, East Luwu, Mamuju, and Southeast Sulawesi. The findings reveal that collective memory is a social construct shaped by lived experiences, oral traditions, and socio-cultural contexts. The study identified two forms of memory: direct memory derived from personal experiences and indirect memory transmitted through family members and the surrounding social environment. Furthermore, geographical proximity to the conflict area was found to influence the characteristics of collective memory. Communities located closer to the conflict zone tended to retain more concrete recollections, whereas those living farther away developed narratives that were more ambiguous and intertwined with mythical elements. These findings demonstrate that oral history is an effective approach for uncovering community experiences that are insufficiently documented in written historical sources and for enriching the study of social history and collective memory in Indonesia.
ABSTRAK
Peristiwa Kahar Muzakkar merupakan salah satu konflik pascakemerdekaan yang tidak hanya meninggalkan jejak politik dan militer, tetapi juga membentuk memori kolektif masyarakat di berbagai wilayah Sulawesi. Namun, kajian mengenai peristiwa ini masih didominasi oleh perspektif politik dan sejarah resmi, sementara pengalaman masyarakat melalui narasi lisan masih relatif terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bagaimana masyarakat mengingat, menafsirkan, dan mewariskan memori mengenai peristiwa Kahar Muzakkar melalui pendekatan sejarah lisan. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan sejarah lisan. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap informan berusia 65 tahun ke atas yang dipilih secara purposive dari Palopo, Luwu Timur, Mamuju, dan Sulawesi Tenggara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa memori masyarakat merupakan konstruksi sosial yang dibentuk oleh pengalaman hidup, tradisi lisan, dan konteks sosial budaya. Penelitian mengidentifikasi dua bentuk memori, yaitu memori langsung yang berasal dari pengalaman pribadi dan memori tidak langsung yang diwariskan melalui keluarga maupun lingkungan sosial. Selain itu, ditemukan bahwa kedekatan geografis dengan wilayah konflik memengaruhi karakter memori masyarakat, di mana wilayah yang lebih dekat memiliki ingatan yang lebih konkret, sedangkan wilayah yang lebih jauh cenderung membangun narasi yang lebih samar dan bercampur dengan unsur mitos. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa sejarah lisan mampu mengungkap pengalaman masyarakat yang tidak banyak terdokumentasi dalam sumber sejarah tertulis serta memperkaya kajian sejarah sosial dan memori kolektif di Indonesia.
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