DIGITALISASI KEUANGAN (QRIS), FAKTOR SOSIAL DEMOGRAFI, DAN PERKEMBANGAN IMK DI INDONESIA

Abstract

ABSTRACT

The development of Micro and Small Industries (MSIs) in Indonesia plays a strategic role in promoting economic growth, creating employment opportunities, and supporting income distribution. However, the growth of MSIs continues to face various challenges, particularly in the adoption of financial digitalization and disparities in socio-demographic conditions across provinces, which may affect business performance. This study aims to analyze the influence of financial digitalization and socio-demographic factors on the development of Micro and Small Industries (MSIs) in Indonesia. The study employed a quantitative approach using cross-sectional data from 34 provinces in Indonesia for the year 2024. Sampling was conducted using the census technique (saturated sampling), in which all 34 provinces serving as the units of analysis were included as the research sample. The data were obtained from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) and the Indonesian Payment System Association (ASPI), followed by data cleaning, indicator construction, and classical assumption testing prior to analysis using multiple linear regression. Financial digitalization was proxied by the QRIS merchant ratio, while socio-demographic factors were measured using the Gross Enrollment Rate (GER) in education, the poverty rate, and per capita expenditure. The estimation results indicate that the QRIS merchant ratio and the Gross Enrollment Rate have a positive and significant effect on the development of MSIs. The poverty rate has no significant effect, whereas per capita expenditure has a negative and significant effect on MSI development. Simultaneously, all independent variables significantly affect the development of MSIs. These findings suggest that strengthening the digital payment ecosystem through the expansion of QRIS adoption, along with improving educational attainment, contributes positively to the development of Micro and Small Industries in Indonesia.

ABSTRAK

Perkembangan industri mikro dan kecil (IMK) di Indonesia memiliki peran strategis dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi, penyerapan tenaga kerja, dan pemerataan pendapatan. Namun, perkembangan IMK masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan, terutama dalam pemanfaatan digitalisasi keuangan serta adanya perbedaan kondisi sosial demografi antarprovinsi yang berpotensi memengaruhi kinerja usaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh digitalisasi keuangan dan faktor sosial demografi terhadap perkembangan industri mikro dan kecil (IMK) di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data cross-section tahun 2024 pada 34 provinsi di Indonesia. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik sensus (sampling jenuh), yaitu seluruh 34 provinsi yang menjadi unit analisis digunakan sebagai sampel penelitian. Data diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik dan Asosiasi Sistem Pembayaran Indonesia, kemudian melalui tahapan pembersihan data, penyusunan indikator, serta pengujian asumsi dasar sebelum dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Digitalisasi keuangan diproksikan dengan rasio merchant QRIS, sedangkan faktor sosial demografi diukur melalui Angka Partisipasi Kasar (APK) pendidikan, tingkat kemiskinan, dan pengeluaran per kapita. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa rasio merchant QRIS dan APK pendidikan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perkembangan IMK. Tingkat kemiskinan tidak berpengaruh signifikan, sedangkan pengeluaran per kapita berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap perkembangan IMK. Secara simultan, seluruh variabel independen berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perkembangan IMK. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penguatan ekosistem pembayaran digital melalui perluasan penggunaan QRIS serta peningkatan kualitas pendidikan berkontribusi terhadap perkembangan industri mikro dan kecil di Indonesia.