IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PRIORITAS PENGGUNAAN DANA DESA DALAM PROGRAM PEMBERIAN MAKANAN TAMBAHAN UNTUK PENURUNAN STUNTING DI KECAMATAN RUMPIN

Abstract

Stunting remains a major public health issue that requires the involvement of multiple sectors, including village governments through the effective utilization of Village Funds. Although the Supplementary Feeding Program (PMT) has been promoted as one of the key strategies for accelerating stunting reduction, the implementation of policies prioritizing Village Fund allocation for this program continues to face various challenges at the local level. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Village Fund prioritization policy in the Supplementary Feeding Program (PMT) as an effort to reduce stunting in Rumpin District, Bogor Regency. A qualitative approach with a descriptive case study design was employed. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving purposively selected informants. Data were analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña model and validated through source and technique triangulation. The analysis was based on Edward III’s policy implementation framework, which includes communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The findings indicate that the implementation of the Village Fund-based PMT policy has been carried out but has not yet achieved optimal results. Major challenges include uneven dissemination of information, limited human and financial resources, low community participation, and ineffective cross-sectoral coordination. On the other hand, implementers’ commitment and effective communication among stakeholders serve as supporting factors. The study highlights that successful stunting reduction policy implementation is strongly influenced by the quality of communication, adequacy of resources, commitment of implementers, and coordination effectiveness among stakeholders. The findings imply the need to strengthen the coordinating role of sub-district governments, optimize Village Fund utilization, and enhance community participation to support sustainable stunting reduction efforts.

ABSTRAK

Stunting masih menjadi permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat yang memerlukan keterlibatan berbagai sektor, termasuk pemerintah desa melalui optimalisasi penggunaan Dana Desa. Meskipun Program Pemberian Makanan Tambahan (PMT) telah menjadi salah satu strategi percepatan penurunan stunting, implementasi kebijakan prioritas penggunaan Dana Desa untuk program tersebut masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan pada tingkat pelaksanaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan prioritas penggunaan Dana Desa dalam Program Pemberian Makanan Tambahan (PMT) sebagai upaya penurunan stunting di Kecamatan Rumpin, Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif dan desain studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi terhadap informan yang dipilih secara purposive. Analisis data menggunakan model Miles, Huberman, dan Saldaña dengan uji keabsahan melalui triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Analisis implementasi kebijakan mengacu pada teori Edward III yang meliputi aspek komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi, dan struktur birokrasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan PMT yang didanai Dana Desa telah berjalan, namun belum optimal. Permasalahan utama ditemukan pada penyampaian informasi yang belum merata, keterbatasan sumber daya manusia dan anggaran pendukung, rendahnya partisipasi masyarakat sasaran, serta koordinasi lintas sektor yang belum berjalan secara efektif. Di sisi lain, komitmen pelaksana dan dukungan komunikasi antaraktor menjadi faktor yang mendukung pelaksanaan program. Temuan penelitian menegaskan bahwa keberhasilan implementasi kebijakan penurunan stunting sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas komunikasi, kecukupan sumber daya, komitmen pelaksana, dan efektivitas koordinasi antar pemangku kepentingan. Implikasi penelitian menunjukkan perlunya penguatan peran pemerintah kecamatan dalam fungsi koordinasi, optimalisasi pemanfaatan Dana Desa, serta peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat guna mendukung percepatan penurunan stunting secara berkelanjutan.