PERAN KEPEMIMPINAN DIGITAL DI ERA PENDIDIKAN 4.0 DALAM MENGELOLA SMK: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW TENTANG PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/vocational.v5i2.5783Keywords:
Kepemimpinan digital, SMK, Pendidikan 4.0, literasi digital, transformasi pendidikan, meta-analisisAbstract
In the era of education 4.0, digital leadership is crucial for vocational school management to adapt to technological changes and industry needs. This systematic study identified the potential and challenges faced by school principals when implementing digital leadership in vocational schools (SMK). The research findings indicate that digital leadership can enhance graduate quality, promote industry collaboration, and drive educational innovation. However, infrastructure, limited digital literacy, and resistance to change remain major issues. These findings highlight the importance of adopting a sustainable approach to enhance the digital competencies of school principals and the entire school ecosystem. Data from the Ministry of Education and Culture indicates that only 35% of SMKs in Indonesia have adequate digital infrastructure. Meanwhile, 72% of industries report that the demand for workers with digital skills has increased by 2.3 times over the past five years. According to a 2023 UNESCO survey of 1,200 vocational high school teachers in Southeast Asia, 58% of educators still face challenges integrating technology into teaching. However, 89% of educators recognize the importance of digital transformation. Conversely, a World Bank study shows that secondary schools with strong digital leadership have a 40% higher graduate absorption rate in industry compared to conventional schools. These facts highlight the importance of enhancing the digital capabilities of school principals, especially in remote areas, where only 22% of people have stable internet access.
ABSTRAK
Di era pendidikan 4.0, kepemimpinan digital sangat penting untuk manajemen SMK agar mampu beradaptasi dengan perubahan teknologi dan kebutuhan industri. Studi sistematis ini menemukan potensi dan hambatan yang dihadapi kepala sekolah saat menerapkan kepemimpinan digital di sekolah menengah kejuruan (SMK). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan digital dapat meningkatkan kualitas lulusan, mendorong kerja sama industri, dan mendorong inovasi pembelajaran. Namun, infrastruktur, keterbatasan literasi digital, dan resistensi terhadap perubahan masih menjadi masalah utama. Temuan ini menunjukkan betapa pentingnya menggunakan pendekatan berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi digital kepala sekolah dan seluruh ekosistem sekolah. Data Kemdikbud menunjukkan bahwa hanya 35% SMK di Indonesia memiliki infrastruktur digital yang memadai. Sementara itu, 72% industri mengatakan bahwa kebutuhan tenaga kerja yang memiliki kemampuan digital telah meningkat 2,3 kali lipat dalam lima tahun terakhir. Menurut survei yang dilakukan oleh UNESCO pada tahun 2023 terhadap 1.200 guru di sekolah menengah kejuruan di Asia Tenggara, 58% pendidik masih mengalami kesulitan mengintegrasikan teknologi dalam pembelajaran. Namun, 89% pendidik menyadari pentingnya transformasi digital. Sebaliknya, studi Bank Dunia menunjukkan bahwa sekolah menengah dengan kepemimpinan digital yang kuat memiliki tingkat penyerapan lulusan 40% lebih tinggi di industri dibandingkan dengan sekolah konvensional. Fakta-fakta ini menunjukkan betapa pentingnya meningkatkan kemampuan digital kepala sekolah, terutama di daerah tertinggal, di mana hanya 22% orang memiliki akses internet yang stabil.
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