TREN PENELITIAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING PENDIDIKAN SMK DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KESIAPAN KERJA LULUSAN: KAJIAN LITERATUR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/vocational.v6i3.10923Keywords:
Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek, SMK, Kesiapan KerjaAbstract
This study aims to analyze research trends in Project-Based Learning (PjBL) within Vocational High School (SMK) education and its implications for graduates’ work readiness. The method employed is a literature review by analyzing 30 scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025 from various journal databases. The findings indicate a significant increase in PjBL research publications, accompanied by a shift in research focus from primarily emphasizing academic learning outcomes toward the development of students’ employability skills and work readiness. The implementation of PjBL has proven to be effective in enhancing both technical skills and soft skills, including critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration, which directly contribute to improving graduates’ work readiness from a low to a very good category. Recent trends also show a growing integration of PjBL with other approaches such as STEM and teaching factory to strengthen the relevance of learning to industry needs. However, the effectiveness of PjBL still faces challenges, particularly in terms of limited facilities, teacher readiness, and curriculum alignment with industry demands. This study concludes that PjBL has strong strategic potential in supporting the work readiness of vocational high school graduates, but requires systemic support and strong synergy with the industrial sector.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tren penelitian Project Based Learning (PjBL) dalam pendidikan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) serta implikasinya terhadap kesiapan kerja lulusan. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian literatur (literature review) dengan menganalisis 30 artikel ilmiah yang diterbitkan dalam rentang tahun 2020–2025 dari berbagai basis data jurnal. Hasil kajian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan dalam publikasi penelitian PjBL yang disertai dengan pergeseran fokus kajian, dari yang semula menitikberatkan pada hasil belajar akademik menuju pengembangan keterampilan kerja dan employability siswa. Implementasi PjBL terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan teknis serta soft skills (berpikir kritis, kreativitas, komunikasi, dan kolaborasi) yang secara langsung berkontribusi pada peningkatan kesiapan kerja lulusan dari kategori rendah menjadi sangat baik. Tren terkini juga menunjukkan dominasi integrasi PjBL dengan pendekatan lain seperti STEM dan teaching factory untuk memperkuat relevansi pembelajaran dengan kebutuhan dunia industri. Meskipun demikian, efektivitas PjBL masih menghadapi kendala pada aspek keterbatasan fasilitas, kesiapan guru, dan penyelarasan kurikulum dengan industri. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa PjBL memiliki potensi strategis dalam mendukung kesiapan kerja lulusan SMK, namun memerlukan dukungan sistemik dan sinergi yang kuat dengan dunia industri.
Downloads
References
Adnyana, I. G. K. S., Agustini, K., & Suartama, I. K. (2025). Analisis Sistematis Model dan Implementasi Teaching Factory Dalam Pendidikan Vokasi Serta Dampaknya Terhadap Kesiapan Kerja Siswa SMK. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 8(4), 326–332. https://doi.org/10.37329/cetta.v8i4.4714
Affandi, L., Indriayu, M., & Totalia, S. A. (2025). Vocational school level learning model for work readiness: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Research and Community Empowerment, 3(2), 58-71. https://doi.org/10.58706/ijorce.v3n2.p58-71
Akbar, A. R., Siregar, A. A., & Wahid, F. A. (2025). Strategi Efektif dalam Optimalisasi Soft Skills Siswa SMK untuk Kesiapan Kerja dan Daya Saing Global di Era Industri 4.0. PESHUM : Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial Dan Humaniora, 4(2), 2497–2509. https://doi.org/10.56799/peshum.v4i2.7305
Akmal, Ambiyar, Usmeldi, & Fadillah, R. (2025). Developing and Assessing the Impact of an Integrated STEM Project-Based Learning Model in Vocational Education for Enhanced Competence and Employability. Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología, 5, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.56294/saludcyt20251786
Amri, M. S., Sudjimat, D. A., & Nurhadi, D. (2020). Mengkombinasikan Project-Based Learning dengan STEM untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Teknikal dan Karakter Kerja Siswa SMK. Jurnal Teknologi, Kejuruan, Dan Pengajarannya, 43(1), 41–50. https://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um031v43i12020p41-50
Ayu, H. D., Alfianda, F. V., Sabrina, F., Prameswari, I., Putri, A. N., & Hudha, M. N. (2023). Systematic literature review : Project-based learning terintegrasi dengan STEM. Wiyata Dharma: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Evaluasi Pendidikan, 11(2), 89–106. https://doi.org/10.30738/wd.v11i2.16492
Azmi, F., & Yulihasri, Y. (2025). Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Teaching Factory, Project Based Learning, Dan Pembelajaran Kolaborasi Terhadap Kesiapan Kerja Peserta Didik SMKN 2 Payakumbuh. Jurnal Menara Ekonomi: Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmiah Bidang Ekonomi, 11(1), 242-255. https://doi.org/10.31869/me.v11i1.7175
Fitri, H. M., Khaerunnisa, P., Setiawan, E., & Wardoyo, S. (2024). Peningkatan Keterampilan Pra-Vokasional Siswa SMK melalui Project-Based Learning ( PjBL ): Studi Literatur. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Indonesia, 5(1), 307–318. https://doi.org/10.53299/jppi.v5i1.996
Hidayah, H. N. (2020). Precondition Model for Field Work Practices Based on Project-Based Learning to Improve Vocational School Stundents’ Competence and Readiness in Entrepreneurship, Fashion Design Expertise Program. Journal of Vocational Career Education, 5(2), 128–139. https://doi.org/10.15294/jvce.v5i2.29366
Hidayat, T., Tuwoso, & Patmanthara, S. (2025). The Effect of Project-Based Learning in the IPAS Project Subject on Students ’ Employability Skills. Didaktika: Jurnal Kependidikan, 14(4), 7169–7182. https://doi.org/10.58230/27454312.3308
Marta, R., & Ambiyar. (2024). Analisis Efektivitas dan Implikasi Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Project Based Learning dalam Konteks Pendidikan Vokasional di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan: Sebuah Meta-Analisis yang Komprehensif. The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science, 13(4), 6687–6697. https://doi.org/10.33022/ijcs.v13i4.4057
Martini, Sariani, Marzuki, D., Apriyanti, D., & Damaiyanti, M. (2024). Project-Based Learning (PjBL) Practice in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Indonesia and Malaysia: A Comparative Study. European Modern Studies Journal, 8(1), 304–312. https://doi.org/10.59573/emsj.8(1).2024.27
Masdarini, L., Candiasa, I. M., Agustini, K., & Sudatha, I. G. W. (2024). The Effect of Project-Based Learning and Self-Efficacy towards Students’ Entrepreneurial Readiness in Vocational High School. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 14(2), 324–330. https://doi.org/10.47750/pegegog.14.02.37
Nova, B., Suwarma, I. R., Winarno, N., & Simanjuntak, M. P. (2024). STEM - PJBL Model on Development of Technology Engineering Literacy and Student Learning Motivation. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Indonesia , 20(2), 214–231. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpfi.v20i2.46453
Noviansyah, W., & Sudira, P. (2020). The Praxis Of Project-Based Learning At Pika Vocational Secondary School Semarang. Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi, 10(1), 103–113. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpv.v10i1.29032
Novrita, S. Z., Jalinus, N., Ridwan, Abdullah, R., Nelmira, W., & Adriani. (2025). Effectiveness of Project-Based Learning in Textile Dyeing Course to Improve Work Readiness as Entrepreneurs in the Digital Era. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(7), 484–492. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i7.11616
Nurdiana, & Saepuloh, D. (2025). Penerapan model pembelajaran project-based learning untuk meningkatkan kreativitas dan keterampilan kewirausahaan pada siswa sekolah menengah. Journal Of Biology Education And Science, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.33592/jbes.v6i1.6605
Rimawati, E., Wibowo, A., & Saptomo, W. L. Y. (2025). Pengaruh Pembelajaran Berbasis Projek Dan Motivasi Mahasiswa Dalam Persiapan Dunia Kerja. Jurnal Ilmiah Edunomika, 09(03), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.29040/jie.v9i3.18025
Rizkylillah, M. S., Soeprijanto, & Muksin. (2025). Analysis of the Implementation of Project-Based Vocational Learning Programs as 21st Century Learning in Vocational School. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 11(4), 882-895. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijres.3770
Subhamol, V. R., & Shobhana, S. (2025). Long-term Outcomes of Project-Based Learning on Career Readiness and Workplace Skills. International Journal Of Education And Pedagogy, 1(2), 64–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15356809
Sudarma, I. K., & Nuryanto, A. (2025). International Journal of Social Science and Human Research The Effect of Project-Based Learning Implementation on the Mastery of 4C Skills of SMK Students. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 08(06), 4895–4899. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v8-i6-96
Sudarsono, B., Tentama, F., Suksesi, Tri, W., & Sulistyawati, S. (2022). Development of Integrated Project-based (PjBL-T) model to improve work readiness of vocational high school students. Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi, 12(3), 222–235. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpv.v12i3.53158
Suhaedin, E., Ilham, R., Ambiyar, & Sari, R. E. W. (2024). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMK : Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur. Journal on Education, 07(01), 3601–3608. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v7i1.6958
Suparmi, Sukmawati, F., Cahyono, B. T., Santoso, E. B., Prihatin, R., & Juwita, R. (2024). Implementation of Project Based Learning Model in Vocational High School : A systematic Literature Review. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(12), 890–901. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i12.8847
Suprianto, A., Wurianto, A. B., & Tinus, A. (2025). Implementation of the Independent Curriculum in Improving Soft Skills and Absorption of Graduates Vocational School. Jurnal Eduscience, 12(5), 1480–1492. https://doi.org/10.36987/jes.v12i5.7663
Suroto, Winatha, I. K., Rahmawati, F., Rizal, Y., Fitriani, N., Amanah, R. N., Karim, R. N., & Salshabella, D. C. (2025). Project-Based Learning Approach Based on Interpersonal Communication in Improving Vocational High School Students ’ Work Readiness. 8(1), 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/E3J/8.i1.10-15
Syahril, Purwantono, Wulansari, R. E., Nabawi, R. A., Safitri, D., & Kiong, T. T. (2022). The Effectiveness of Project-Based Learning On 4Cs Skills of Vocational Students in Higher Education. Journal Of Technical Education And Training, 14(3), 29–37. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2022.14.03.003
Usman, M. (2025). Transforming Classrooms through PBL: Lessons from Indonesia’s Curriculum Reforms and Global South Contexts. Eduscape : Journal of Education Insight, 3(3), 164–175. https://doi.org/10.61978/eduscape.v3i3.1108
Winatha, I. K., Rusman, T., Suroto, S., Turnip, S., Wijoyo, H., & Adam Rahmanto, A. (2024). Project Based Learning Business Communication Teaching Materials To Improve Vocational School Students’ Work Readiness. Economic Education and Entrepreneurship Journal, 7(2), 224–229. https://doi.org/10.23960/e3j/v7.i2.224-229
Wiyanti, I., & Indriyani, N. (2024). Meningkatkan Kesiapan Kerja Siswa Smk Melalui Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek: Tinjauan Sistematis. Jurnal Pendidikan Profesional Vol., 13(2), 120–128. https://jurnal.pendidikanperintis.com/index.php/ jurnalpendidikanprofesional/article/view/35
