PENGARUH TRAINING DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA USAHA MIKRO, KECIL, DAN MENENGAH

Lidya Ayu Ningrum; Devi Ayu

Authors

Lidya Ayu Ningrum Universitas Nahdatul Wathan Mataram
Devi Ayu Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Keywords:

Training, Kompenasi, Kinerja Karyawan, UMKM

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a significant role in economic growth and job creation. MSMEs are a major source of job creation, innovation and economic growth. They generate income and expand new markets, investing in new technologies and infrastructure that can create a positive domino effect in the economy. MSMEs contribute to the achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). They help reduce poverty levels, both directly and indirectly, through employment. This literature review examines the impact of training and compensation on employee performance in micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The review explores the relationship between training and employee performance, as well as the potential benefits of training for employees and organizations. The review also considers the impact of compensation on employee performance and the potential complementarity between training and compensation in improving employee performance. Overall, the review suggests that training and compensation are critical factors in motivating and improving employee performance in MSMEs.

ABSTRAK

Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) memiliki peran yang signifikan dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi dan penciptaan lapangan kerja. UMKM merupakan sumber utama penciptaan lapangan kerja, inovasi, dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Mereka menghasilkan pendapatan dan memperluas pasar baru, berinvestasi dalam teknologi dan infrastruktur baru yang dapat menciptakan efek domino positif dalam perekonomian. UMKM berkontribusi dalam pencapaian Agenda 2030 untuk Pembangunan Berkelanjutan dan Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (TPB). Mereka membantu mengurangi tingkat kemiskinan, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, melalui penyerapan tenaga kerja. Tinjauan literatur ini menguji dampak pelatihan dan kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan di usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM). Tinjauan ini mengeksplorasi hubungan antara pelatihan dan kinerja karyawan, serta manfaat potensial dari pelatihan untuk karyawan dan organisasi. Tinjauan ini juga mempertimbangkan dampak kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan dan komplementaritas potensial antara pelatihan dan kompensasi dalam meningkatkan kinerja karyawan. Secara keseluruhan, tinjauan ini menyarankan bahwa pelatihan dan kompensasi adalah faktor kritis dalam memotivasi dan meningkatkan kinerja karyawan di UMKM.

References

Abdul-Talib, A.-N., & Sa’id, K. S. (2021). ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION, EXPORT MARKET ORIENTATION AND SMES EXPORT PERFORMANCE: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION. CONFERENCE PROCEEDING, 44.

Ademosu, A. (2022). The Impact of the Financial System and its Channels on SMES’Access to Financing: A Nigerian Perspective.

Agyeman, C. M., & Ponniah, V. M. (2014). Employee demographic characteristics and their effects on turnover and retention in MSMEs. International Journal of Recent Advances in Organizational Behaviour and Decision Sciences, 1(1), 12–29.

Aini, A. Q., Febriyantoro, M. T., Zulkifli, Z., Suleman, D., Saputra, F., & Suyoto, T. (2022). THE EFFECT OF TRAINING AND COMPENSATION FOR EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE WITH EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION AS INTERVENING VARIABLES ON MSME IN SOUTH TANGERANG. Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research, 3(6), 231–240.

Akinola, A. O., & Iordoo, D. A. (2013). Effects of the Nigerian capital market on the micro, small and medium scale enterprises (MSMEs) in Nigeria. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4(7), 1–15.

Al-Shammari, H. A. (2021). CEO compensation and firm performance: The mediating effects of CEO risk taking behaviour. Cogent Business & Management, 8(1), 1894893.

Ally, J., Roa, W., & Amirfazli, A. (2008). Use of mucolytics to enhance magnetic particle retention at a model airway surface. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 320(12), 1834–1843.

Alromaihi, M. A., Alshomaly, Z. A., & George, S. (2017). Job satisfaction and employee performance: A theoretical review of the relationship between the two variables. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences, 6(1), 1–20.

Alvedalen, J., & Boschma, R. (2017). A critical review of entrepreneurial ecosystems research: Towards a future research agenda. European Planning Studies, 25(6), 887–903.

Amadasun, D. O. E., & Mutezo, A. T. (2022). Influence of access to finance on the competitive growth of SMEs in Lesotho. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 11(1), 1–20.

Aminullah, E., Fizzanty, T., Nawawi, N., Suryanto, J., Pranata, N., Maulana, I., Ariyani, L., Wicaksono, A., Suardi, I., & Azis, N. L. L. (2022). Interactive Components of Digital MSMEs Ecosystem for Inclusive Digital Economy in Indonesia. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 1–31.

Amri, D., Thoyib, M., & Wahyudi, R. (2020). Determinant of Development Strategies and Leadership Styles on Organizational Commitment and Their Implications for MSMEs Performance in Palembang. 3rd Forum in Research, Science, and Technology (FIRST 2019), 229–235.

Anatan, L. (2021). A Review on MSMEs Resilience: Strategies and Policies Post Covid-19 Pandemic. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 10, 386–394.

Anggarini, D. R. (2021). Kontribusi Umkm Sektor Pariwisata Pada Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Provinsi Lampung 2020. EKOMBIS REVIEW: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 9(2), 345–355.

Anggraeni, W. C., Ningtiyas, W. P., & Nurdiyah, N. (2021). Kebijakan pemerintah dalam pemberdayaan UMKM di masa pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia. Journal of Government and Politics (JGOP), 3(1), 47–65.

Aprillianti, N., Mansur, U., & Ningrum, H. F. (2023). The Effect of Workload on Turnover Intention with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable. Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Bung Hatta, 18(1), 86–95.

Arie, H. A., & Fikry, A. M. (2021). Development of synergistic between digitalization MSMEs and digital society in Indonesia. Ho Chi Minh City Open University Journal of Science-Economics and Business Administration, 11(2), 18–30.

Arsani, A. M., Ario, B., & Ramadhan, A. F. (2020). Impact of education on poverty and health: Evidence from Indonesia. Economics Development Analysis Journal, 9(1), 87–96.

Assante, D., Castro, M., Hamburg, I., & Martin, S. (2016). The use of cloud computing in SMEs. Procedia Computer Science, 83, 1207–1212.

Augier, M., & Teece, D. J. (2009). Dynamic capabilities and the role of managers in business strategy and economic performance. Organization Science, 20(2), 410–421.

Avey, J. B., Luthans, F., & Jensen, S. M. (2009). Psychological capital: A positive resource for combating employee stress and turnover. Human Resource Management, 48(5), 677–693.

Awolusi, O. D., & Jayakody, S. S. (2021). Exploring the Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Employee’s Retention: Evidence from the Food and Beverage Industry in the State of Qatar. Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 12(4 (S)), 39–58.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020). Pemerintah Beri Stimulus, Berapa Jumlah UMKM di Indonesia? Databoks.Katadata.Co.Id, 2020. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2020/04/08/pemerintah-beri-stimulus-berapa-jumlah-umkm-di-indonesia#

Batrancea, L. M., Balc?, M. A., Chermezan, L., Akgüller, Ö., Masca, E. S., & Gaban, L. (2022). Sources of SMEs Financing and Their Impact on Economic Growth across the European Union: Insights from a Panel Data Study Spanning Sixteen Years. Sustainability, 14(22), 15318.

Bellmann, L., & Hübler, O. (2021). Working from home, job satisfaction and work–life balance–robust or heterogeneous links? International Journal of Manpower, 42(3), 424–441.

Benneth, U. E., Agbi, B., & Ademolu, O. A. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative evaluation of MSMEs survival strategies in Nigeria. UNIE Business Research, 10(2), 382–396.

Bhardwaj, B. R. (2014). Impact of education and training on performance of women entrepreneurs: A study in emerging market context. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 6(1), 38–52.

Bongomin, G. O. C., Ntayi, J. M., Munene, J. C., & Malinga, C. A. (2017). The relationship between access to finance and growth of SMEs in developing economies: Financial literacy as a moderator. Review of International Business and Strategy.

Brixiová, Z., Kangoye, T., & Said, M. (2020). Training, human capital, and gender gaps in entrepreneurial performance. Economic Modelling, 85, 367–380.

Bulkia, S., & Herawati, A. S. (2018). Pengaruh Pelatihan Dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pt. Sumber Berlian Motors Km.5 Banjarmasin. At-Tadbir?: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 2(2), 94–101. https://doi.org/10.31602/atd.v2i2.1354

Campos, J. D. S. (2021). Analysis of entrepreneurial leadership skills and sustainable employee productivity of MSMEs. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 1(1), 12–27.

Can, N., & Bello, S. A. (2022). The effect of bank of industry MSMEs financing on poverty reduction in north-central Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Business, Economics and Finance, 1(1), 66–83.

Chen, J., & Silverthorne, C. (2008). The impact of locus of control on job stress, job performance and job satisfaction in Taiwan. Leadership & Organization Development Journal.

Chiwaula, L., Matita, M., Kamwanja, T., & Cassim, L. (2019). Partnership for Economic Policy (PEP).

Cintantya, D., & Nurtjahjanti, H. (2020). Hubungan antara work-life balance dengan subjective well-being pada sopir taksi PT. express transindo utama tbk di Jakarta. Jurnal Empati, 7(1), 339–344.

Cusmano, L., Koreen, M., & Pissareva, L. (2018). 2018 OECD ministerial conference on SMEs: key issues paper.

Damayanti, E., & Ismiyati, I. (2020). Pengaruh Kompensasi, Lingkungan Kerja, dan Budaya Organisasi terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Guru. Economic Education Analysis Journal, 9(1), 33–49.

Dhillon, F. C. S. M. S., & Gautam, R. K. (2022). A Critical Assessment of the Impact of GST on MSMEs in the state of Punjab. Gyan Management, 16(2), 1–9.

Diugwu, I. (2011). Knowledge acquisition and sharing: a sustainable source of competitive advantage in supply chains. Proceedings of the International Conference on Intellectual Capital, Knowledge Management & Organizational Learning, 157–163.

Donaghy, G. (2009). To Know and Be Known: The Department of External Affairs and the Creation of the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, 1978–84. International Journal, 64(4), 1039–1054.

Duncombe, R., & Heeks, R. (2005). Information & Communication Technologies (ICTs), Poverty Reduction and Micro, Small & Medium-scale Enterprises (MSMEs). A Framework for Understanding ICT Applications for MSMEs in Developing Countries.

Durairaj, D. (2022). Psychological Attitude Towards E-Tax Filing In GST Among MSME In Kanchipuram District. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 2876–2882.

Efendi, R., Rifa’i, M. N., Bahrun, K., Milla, H., & Suharmi, S. (2020). The mediation of work motivation on the effects of work discipline and compensation on performance batik msmes employees in yogyakarta city, indonesia. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 7(1), 689–703.

Endris, E., & Kassegn, A. (2022). The role of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to the sustainable development of sub-Saharan Africa and its challenges: a systematic review of evidence from Ethiopia. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 11(1), 20.

Eunice Abdul, O. (2018). Entrepreneurial skills and growth of Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs): A comparative analysis of Nigerian entrepreneurs and Minority entrepreneurs in the UK.

Faradila, D., & Suryaman, S. (2021). Pengaruh Kompensasi, Budaya Organisasi dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Turnover Intention pada Karyawan PT. Krakatau Poschem Dongshu Chemical. Jurnal Inovasi Dan Kreativitas (JIKa), 1(1), 1–7.

Febrian, A. F., & Maulina, E. (2018). The influence of social capital and financial capability on sustainable competitive advantage through entrepreneurial orientation?: Empirical evidence from Small and Medium Industries in Indonesia using PLS-SEM. 5(12), 218–232.

Feriyanto, N., El Aiyubbi, D., & Nurdany, A. (2020). The impact of unemployment, minimum wage, and real gross regional domestic product on poverty reduction in provinces of Indonesia. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 10(10), 1088–1099.

Fernandes, A. J., & Ferreira, J. J. (2022). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and networks: a literature review and research agenda. Review of Managerial Science, 16(1), 189–247.

Fitriani, L. K., & Yusiana, N. (2020). Analisis Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Beban Kerja terhadap Kepuasan Kerja dan Turnover Intention pada Karyawan Inti Pangan, Kuningan. 3(2).

FULLGITA, M. L. E. O. (2020). Peluang dan Tantangan Dalam Pemungutan Pajak UMKM Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 23 Tahun 2018 Ditinjau dari Asas Keadilan Perpajakan di Kabupaten Sleman. Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Games, D., & Rendi, R. P. (2019). The effects of knowledge management and risk taking on SME financial performance in creative industries in an emerging market: the mediating effect of innovation outcomes. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9(1), 44.

Gu, J., Ardito, L., & Natalicchio, A. (2022). CEO cognitive trust, governmental support and marketing innovation: empirical evidence from Chinese small, medium and micro enterprises. Journal of Knowledge Management, 26(9), 2463–2484.

Gyimah, P., & Adeola, O. (2021). MSMEs sustainable prediction model: A three-sector comparative study. Journal of the International Council for Small Business, 2(2), 90–100.

Harahap, E. F., Luviana, L., & Huda, N. (2020). Tinjauan Defisit Fiskal, Ekspor, Impor Dan Jumlah Umkm Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia. Jurnal Benefita, 5(2), 151–161.

Harahap, F. R. (2013). Dampak urbanisasi bagi perkembangan kota di Indonesia. Society, 1(1), 35–45.

Herlinawati, E., Ahman, E., & Machmud, A. (2019). The effect of entrepreneurial orientation on SMEs business performance in Indonesia. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 22(5), 1–15.

Hersh, A. M., & Abusaleem, K. S. (2016). Blue Ocean Strategy in Saudi Arabia telecommunication companies and its impact on the competitive advantage. Journal of Accounting & Marketing, 5(3), 1–8.

Hsu, Y.-Y., Bai, C.-H., Yang, C.-M., Huang, Y.-C., Lin, T.-T., & Lin, C.-H. (2019). Long hours’ effects on work-life balance and satisfaction. BioMed Research International, 2019.

Hujayanti, D. (2020). Pengaruh orientasi kewirausahaan, orientasi pasar dan keunggulan bersaing terhadap kinerja UMKM krupuk di Desa Harjosari Lor Kecamatan Adiwerna Kabupaten Tegal. PENGARUH ORIENTASI KEWIRAUSAHAAN, ORIENTASI PASAR DAN KEUNGGULAN BERSAING TERHADAP KINERJA UMKM KRUPUK DI DESA HARJOSARI LOR KECAMATAN ADIWERNA KABUPATEN TEGAL.

ILO. (2019). The power of Small: Unlocking the potential of SMEs. International Labour Organization.

Indonesia, U., & LPEM, F. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on MSMEs in Indonesia. UNDP Indonesia.

Inuwa, M. (2016). Job satisfaction and employee performance: An empirical approach. The Millennium University Journal, 1(1), 90–103.

Iskandar, Y., & Kaltum, U. (2021). The Relationship Between Intellectual Capital and Performance of Social Enterprises: A Literature Review.

Iskandar, Y., Ningrum, H. F., & Akbar, B. M. B. (2020). PERAN FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL PADA KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN RITEL. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi), 4(2), 36–45.

ISMAWANTI, R., & Afandi, P. P. D. H. A. (2018). PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI SEKOLAH DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA DAMPAKNYA PADA KINERJA GURU SMK SWASTA DI KECAMATAN CIANJUR. UNPAS.

Istiandari, R., & Anandhika, M. R. (2019). The role of gender in micro and small enterprise business development in indonesia: A firm-level analysis. Asia Pacific Foundation.

Jatmiko, B., Udin, U., Raharti, R., Laras, T., & Ardhi, K. F. (2021). Strategies for MSMEs to achieve sustainable competitive advantage: The SWOT analysis method. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(3), 505–515.

Jones, R. S., & Lee, J. W. (2018). Enhancing dynamism in SMEs and entrepreneurship in Korea.

Jufrizen, J. (2017). Efek mediasi kepuasan kerja pada pengaruh kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 17(1).

Kementrian KUKM. (2019). Perkembangan Data Usaha Mikro , Kecil , Menengah Dan Usaha Besar. Www.Depkop.Go.Id, 2000(1), 1. http://www.depkop.go.id/data-umkm

Kempson, E., & Poppe, C. (2018). Assessing the Levels of Financial Capability and Financial Well-being in Ireland. A report to the Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (CCPC), Ireland.

Khalid, K., & Nawab, S. (2018). Employee participation and employee retention in view of compensation. SAGE Open, 8(4), 2158244018810067.

Khouroh, U., Ratnaningsih, C. S., & Rahayudi, B. (2021). Inovasi dan daya saing UMKM di era new normal: dari triple helix model ke quadruple helix model. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 9(2), 152–162.

Kim, S., Tam, L., Kim, J.-N., & Rhee, Y. (2017). Determinants of employee turnover intention: Understanding the roles of organizational justice, supervisory justice, authoritarian organizational culture and organization-employee relationship quality. Corporate Communications: An International Journal.

Kitsios, F., & Kamariotou, M. (2021). Artificial intelligence and business strategy towards digital transformation: A research agenda. Sustainability, 13(4), 2025.

Kraus, S., Kailer, N., Dorfer, J., & Jones, P. (2020). Open innovation in (young) SMEs. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 21(1), 47–59.

Kumar, R. (2020). How Uneducated Small Factory Owner Can Understand GST in Simple Way. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management, 6(2), 197–201.

Kurniawan, -, Maulana, A., & Iskandar, Y. (2023). The Effect of Technology Adaptation and Government Financial Support on Sustainable Performance of MSMEs during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Cogent Business & Management, 10(1), 2177400.

Latham, G. P., & Locke, E. A. (2008). Employee motivation. Handbook of Organizational Behavior, 318–333.

Lestari, T. I. D., Djaelani, A. K., & Mustapita, A. F. (2021). Pengaruh Pengalaman Kerja, Upah Dan Kesejahteraan Karyawan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Masa Pandemi Studi Pada Perusahaan Bhanda Ghara Reksa Logistics (Persero) Jakarta. Jurnal Ilmiah Riset Manajemen, 10(11).

Liana, Y., & Denjayanti, R. N. (2022). PENGARUH MOTIVASI KERJA DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KINERJA KARYAWAN MELALUI KOMITMEN ORGANISASI PADA UMKM (STUDI PADA UMKM PAGUYUBAN KERIPIK TEMPE SANAN KOTA MALANG). Jurnal Manajemen Dirgantara, 15(2), 251–256.

Lien, M.-C. (2020). Entrepreneurial orientation and strategic renewal in the digital economy era from a dynamic capability perspective.

Lim, S. H., Kim, D. J., Hur, Y., & Park, K. (2019). An empirical study of the impacts of perceived security and knowledge on continuous intention to use mobile fintech payment services. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 35(10), 886–898.

Limanta, A. L., Prihanto, Y. J. N., & Situmorang, R. (2023). Analysis of the Influence of Work-Life Balance, Work Stress, and Job Satisfaction When Working from Home on the Implementation of Permanent Telework Culture in Legal Business. Journal of Business and Management Review, 4(1), 1–16.

Liu, C. K. (2018). Policy Brief: the Role of Micro-Small and Medium Enterprises in Achieving SDGs-1. Micro-, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and their potential contributions to SDGs-2. MSMEs’ Growth: Opportunities and Challenges.

Long, C. S., Ajagbe, M. A., & Kowang, T. O. (2014). Addressing the issues on employees’ turnover intention in the perspective of HRM practices in SME. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 129, 99–104.

Luckyardi, S., Hurriyati, R., Disman, D., & Dirgantari, P. D. (2022). Significances of Marketing Education in Reducing Poverty in Indonesia; Special Review on Quality of Life. Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR), 9(1), 101–111.

Lukitasari, L. (2015). PENGARUH PELAKASANAAN PROGRAM KESEJAHTERAAN JAMINAN SOSIAL, INSENTIF DAN PELATIHAN KERJA TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KARYAWAN CV. IJO GENENG NGAWI. FIPA: Forum Ilmiah Pendidikan Akuntansi, 3(1).

Mandasari, I. A. C. S., & Pratama, I. G. S. (2020). use of e-commerce during COVID-19 pandemic towards revenue and volume of MSMEs sales. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 7(6), 124–130. https://doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v7n6.1022

Mandiri, A., Noore, G. A., & Teknik, A. (2018). Identifikasi Inovasi dan Kinerja Bisnis dalam Meningkatkan Daya Saing Identification of Innovation and Business Performance in Enhance. 213–219.

Markos, S., & Sridevi, M. S. (2010). Employee engagement: The key to improving performance. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(12), 89.

Matt, D. T., & Rauch, E. (2020). SME 4.0: The role of small-and medium-sized enterprises in the digital transformation. In Industry 4.0 for SMEs (pp. 3–36). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.

Mishra, K., & Shukla, J. S. (2022). A Study of Performance of SIDBI in the Development of MSMEs in India. Available at SSRN 4207288.

Mukminin’Azmi, H., Herianingrum, S., Junaedi, D., Arsyad, M. R., & Salistia, F. (2022). Komunitas pengusaha muslim: pengaruh motivasi berwirausaha, dukungan finansial dan peluang pasar terhadap niat berwirausaha. Al-Kharaj: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan & Bisnis Syariah, 4(5), 1445–1463.

Nashiruddin, M. I. (2019). Business Strategies in a Turbulent Business Environment: Findings from Indonesian Telecommunication Industry Strategi Bisnis dalam Lingkungan Bisnis yang Bergejolak: Temuan dari Industri Telekomunikasi Indonesia. Jurnal Pekommas, 4(2), 111–122.

Natasya, V., & Hardiningsih, P. (2021). Kebijakan pemerintah sebagai solusi meningkatkan pengembangan UMKM di masa pandemi. Ekonomis: Journal of Economics and Business, 5(1), 141–148.

Njoroge, R. K., Arasa, R., & Nganu, M. (n.d.). INFLUENCE OF HYBRID STRATEGY ON SMALL & MICRO ENTERPRISES (SMES) PERFORMANCE: A SURVEY OF ELECTRONICS FIRMS IN MACHAKOS TOWN, MACHAKOS COUNTY, KENYA. 2022.

Nurani, N., Nurjanah, R., & Prihantoro, I. (2020). Competence of Human Resources of Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) of West Java through Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Protection in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 17(10), 3878–3896.

Nurmalitasari, S., & Andriyani, A. (2021). Pengaruh Pelatihan, Pengembangan Karier, Work Life Balance terhadap Retensi Karyawan dengan Kepuasan Kerja sebagai Variabel Pemediasi (Studi pada Karyawan Tetap PT. BPR Restu Artha Makmur Kota Semarang). Diponegoro Journal of Management, 10(4).

Nursini, N. (2020). Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and poverty reduction: empirical evidence from Indonesia. Development Studies Research, 7(1), 153–166.

Octasylva, A. R. P., Yuliati, L. N., Hartoyo, H., & Soehadi, A. W. (2022). Innovativeness as the Key to MSMEs’ Performances. Sustainability, 14(11), 6429.

Oh, J., & Rhee, S. (2008). The influence of supplier capabilities and technology uncertainty on manufacturer?supplier collaboration: A study of the Korean automotive industry. International Journal of Operations & Production Management.

Panagiotakopoulos, A. (2011). Barriers to employee training and learning in small and medium?sized enterprises (SMEs). Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal, 25(3), 15–18.

Pramana, A. A. G. K., & Sudharma, I. N. (2013). Pengaruh kompensasi, lingkungan kerja fisik dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Udayana University.

Prasanna, R., Jayasundara, J., Gamage, S. K. N., Ekanayake, E. M. S., Rajapakshe, P. S. K., & Abeyrathne, G. (2019). Sustainability of SMEs in the competition: A systemic review on technological challenges and SME performance. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 5(4), 100.

Prasetyo, B. B., M.Baga, L., & Yulianti, L. N. (2018). STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN BISNIS RHYTHM OF EMPOWERMENT DENGAN PENDEKATAN MODEL BISNIS KANVAS. 4(2), 296–307.

Pratono, A. H., & Sutanti, A. (2016). The ecosystem of social enterprise: Social culture, legal framework, and policy review in Indonesia. Pacific Science Review B: Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(3), 106–112.

Rao, R. K., Kothari, M., & Shenoy, V. (2021). Quality Management Systems-Need and Implementation Barriers for MSMEs in India. Drishtikon: A Management Journal, 12(2), 31.

Rapih, S. (2015). Analisis pengaruh kompetensi sumber daya manusia, modal sosial dan modal finansial terhadap kinerja UMKM bidang garmen di Kabupaten Klaten. UNS (Sebelas Maret University).

RASYID, M. H. D. (2019). Pengaruh Kompensasi, Lingkungan Kerja dan Motivasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Guru pada SMA Swasta Perkumpulan Amal Bakti 4 Sampali Medan.

Ratih, P., Chandra, W., & Ning, R. (2018). The impact of the entrepreneurial ecosystem on regional competitive advantage: A network theory perspective. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 83(11), 49–63.

Ratnasari, S. L., & Lestari, L. (2020). Effect of leadership style, workload and job insecurity on turnover intention. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 11(12), 299–313.

Ravikumar, T. (2013). A study on impact of team work, work culture, leadership and compensation on engagement level of employees in MSMEs in India. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences, 2(8), 175–185.

Ravšelj, D., Kova?, P., & Aristovnik, A. (2019). Tax-Related Burden on SMEs in the European Union: The Case of Slovenia. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 10(2), 69.

Renko, M., El Tarabishy, A., Carsrud, A. L., & Brännback, M. (2015). Understanding and measuring entrepreneurial leadership style. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 54–74.

Riffianto, A. S., & Suryani, T. (2017). Kapabilitas keuangan usaha kecil dan menengah penghasil produk unggulan. https://doi.org/10.14414/jbb.v6i1.722

Santoso, B. (2020). The Role of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Toward Sustainable Development Goals Through Islamic Financial Institutions. 2nd Social and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes 2019), 585–595.

Santoso, B., Nijwah, I. S., Sulaiman, M., Akbar, T., & Umam, K. (2020). THE ROLE OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMES) TOWARD SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS) THROUGH ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS (IFIS). CROSS BORDER SMEs, 41.

Santoso, S. (2020). Optimizing access to financial capital of creative economy for startups towards global competitiveness. Business Economic, Communication, and Social Sciences Journal (BECOSS), 2(2), 181–189.

Schlepphorst, S., Koetter, E. C., Werner, A., Soost, C., & Moog, P. (2020). International assignments of employees and entrepreneurial intentions: the mediating role of human capital, social capital and career prospects. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research.

Sendawula, K., Turyakira, P., Ikiror, C. M., & Bagire, V. (2021). Regulatory compliance and environmental sustainability practices of manufacturing entrepreneurial ventures in Uganda. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 15(1), 62–74.

Sinaga, O., & Sijabat, R. (2022). Analisis Pengaruh Employee Motivation, Employee Empowerment, Work Life Balance Terhadap Employee Retention Dengan Job Satisfaction Sebagai Variabel Mediasi pada PT XYZ. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis (JAB), 12(1), 87–96.

Soleh, A. (2014). Pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kemiskinan di Indonesia. EKOMBIS REVIEW: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 2(2).

Suandi, E., & Susilo, Y. S. (2011). STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN USAHA MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH DI PROVINSI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA *. 12, 45–55.

Sudjatmoko, A., Ichsan, M., Astriani, M., Mariani, & Clairine, A. (2023). The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Performance of Indonesian MSME with Innovation as Mediation. Cogent Business & Management, 10(1), 2179962.

Suhendar, A. D. (2021). PENGARUH KOMPENSASI, KEPUASAN KERJA DAN RETENSI KARYAWAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN. ATRABIS: Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis (e-Journal), 7(2), 182–193.

Supandi, A., Astuti, P., & Murti, W. (2022). Determinants of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise in West Java Province. MIC 2021: Proceedings of the First Multidiscipline International Conference, MIC 2021, October 30 2021, Jakarta, Indonesia, 311.

Supandi, A., Astuty, P., & Murti, W. (2022). The Effect of MSMEs Growth on the Open Unemployment Rate in West Java Province. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Law, Social Science, Economics, and Education, ICLSSEE 2022, 16 April 2022, Semarang, Indonesia.

Supriandi, S. (2022). PENGARUH MODAL SOSIAL, KAPABILITAS FINANSIAL, ORIENTASI KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP DAYA SAING BISNIS BERKELANJUTAN SERTA IMPLIKASINYA PADA KINERJA UMKM INDUSTRI KULINER DI KOTA SUKABUMI. Nusa Putra.

Suryani, T., Iramani, R. R., & Awati, L. (2016). Exploring Financial Capability of SMES and Improving Financial Management Performance Using Financial Application. Proceedings of 88th the IIER International Conference, Singapore, 16th-17th December.

Syaifullah, J., Syaifudin, M., Sukendar, M. U., & JUNAEDI, J. (2021). Social media marketing and business performance of MSMEs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(2), 523–531.

Tambunan, T. (2009). Women entrepreneurship in Asian developing countries: Their development and main constraints. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 1(2), 27–40.

Tambunan, T. T. H. (2009). SMEs in Asian developing countries. Springer.

Tedjasuksmana, B. (2020). Membangun Lingkungan Bisnis UMKM Dalam Pemanfaatan Digital Financial Technology. Jurnal Sumberdaya Bumi Berkelanjutan (SEMITAN), 2(1), 387–390.

Tekola, H., & Gidey, Y. (2019). Contributions of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to income generation, employment and GDP: Case study Ethiopia. Journal of Sustainable Development, 12(3), 46–81.

Theresa, I., & Hidayah, N. (2022). The effect of innovation, risk-taking, and proactiveness on business performance among MSMEs in Jakarta. Tenth International Conference on Entrepreneurship and Business Management 2021 (ICEBM 2021), 42–48.

Turpin, A., & Shier, M. L. (2020). Social entrepreneurial orientation in human service organizations: A scoping review. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, 44(2), 144–168.

van Vuuren, J., & Botha, M. (2010). The practical application of an entrepreneurial performance training model in South Africa. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 17(4), 607–625.

Veena. (2020). An Analysis of Growth of MSMEs in India. SEDME (Small Enterprises Development, Management & Extension Journal), 47(2), 138–145.

Verma, T. L. (2019). Role of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMES) in achieving sustainable development goals. Small And Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) In Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (April 1, 2019).

Wachira, I. M., & Kihiu, E. N. (2012). Impact of financial literacy on access to financial services in Kenya.

Wahyudiati, D., & Isroah, I. (2018). Pengaruh Aspek Keuangan Dan Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia (Sdm) Terhadap Kinerja Usaha Mikro Kecil Dan Menengah (Umkm) Di Desa Kasongan. Jurnal Profita: Kajian Ilmu Akuntansi, 6(2).

Wahyunti, S. (2020). Peran strategis UMKM dalam menopang perekonomian Indonesia di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19. J-ESA (Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah), 3(2), 280–302.

Widyarani, L. (2018). Analisis Pengaruh Pelatihan Resusitasi Jantung Paru RJP Dewasa terhadap Retensi Pengetahuan dan Ketrampilan RJP pada Mahasiswa Keperawatan di Yogyakarta. Jurnal Keperawatan Soedirman, 12(3), 143–149.

Wulansari, N., & Kurniawan, Y. (2018). Akselerasi Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Melalui Sinergi Umkm Dan Good Governance di Indonesia. UNEJ E-Proceeding, 262–268.

Yong, J. Y., Yusliza, M., Ramayah, T., Chiappetta Jabbour, C. J., Sehnem, S., & Mani, V. (2020). Pathways towards sustainability in manufacturing organizations: Empirical evidence on the role of green human resource management. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(1), 212–228.

Yudha, P. (2018). Exploring the impact of social capital on entrepreneurial orientation and business performance (Study on members of MSMEs communities in Malang). Profit: Jurnal Administrasi BISNIS, 12(1), 20–31.

Yuliantari, N. P. Y., & Pramuki, N. M. W. A. (2022). The Role of Competitive Advantage in Mediating the Relationship Between Digital Transformation and MSME Performance in Bali. Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis JAGADITHA, 9(1), 66–75.

Zaelani, I. R. (2019). Peningkatan daya saing UMKM Indonesia: Tantangan dan peluang pengembangan IPTEK. Jurnal Transborders, 3(1), 15.

Zamora Matute, C. E. (2012). Antecedents of dynamic capabilities: the role of entrepreneurial orientation and intellectual capital.

Zeidy, I. A. (2020). Economic impact of covid-19 on micro, small and medium enterprises (msmes) in africa and policy options for mitigation. Common Mark. East. South. Africa. Nairobi.

Zidana, R. (2015). Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) financing and economic growth in Malawi: Measuring the impact between 1981 and 2014. Journal of Statistics Research and Reviews, 1(1), 1–6.